Sweity et al., 2022 and Almutairi et al., 2022 emphasize the importance of nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in pain management, highlighting how these factors directly influence patient care.Furthermore, pain assessment practices, especially for older adults with cognitive impairments in ICUs, are crucial for tailoring interventions to individual needs (Rababa & Al-Sabbah., 2022).Utilizing appropriate pain assessment tools, such as the Behavioral Pain Scale and Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, aids in accurate pain evaluation, ensuring timely interventions for orotracheally tubed patients (Pinheiro & Marques, 2020).Additionally, understanding pain behaviors and their correlation with hemodynamic parameters among intubated and sedated patients helps refine pain management strategies (Menekli et al., 2021).