Background: Patients with serious mental illness (SMI; e.g., psychotic disorders and major mood disorders) die earlier, have more medical illnesses, and receive worse medical care than those in the general population.."75 Patients with SMI are losing an astonishing number of years of life to preventable and treatable medical illnesses. The reasons for this mortality gap are numerous and interrelated and include patient-, provider-, and system-level factors. Solutions to the problem will require attention to all these areas, but provider responsibility and strategies aimed at the integration of medical and psychiatric care hold immediate promise for correcting the health and healthcare disparities faced by this vulnerable and neglected population. Viron and Stern Psychosomatics 51:6, November-December 2010 http://psy.psychiatryonline.org 463 References 1. 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