?Clinical Sciences: (All the clinical Specialties) density,
maxillofacial, neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynecology,
ophthalmology, orthopedics, plastic and reconstructive
surgery, thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, veterinary
medicine and surgery, etc.Science and engineering: (Materials Science) structureproperty relationships of synthetic and biological
materials including metals, ceramics, polymers,
composites, tissues (blood and connective tissues), etc.Biology and Physiology: Cell and molecular biology,
anatomy, animal and human physiology, histopathology,
experimental surgery, immunology, etc.Many millions of patients have enjoyed alleviation of pain,
increased function and an improved quality of
life due to the success of biomedical materials and the
implants and devices made from them.Bio-compatibility: Acceptance of an artificial
implant by the surrounding tissues and by the body
as a whole.Biomaterials are used to make devices to replace a part or a
function of the body in safe, reliably economically, and
physiologically acceptable manner.Commonplace examples include suture needles, plates, teeth
fillings, etc.1- Standard Specifications: Many standard
specification tests of both national and international
standards organizations (ISO) are now available,
which effectively maintain quality levels.Such
specifications normally give details for:
(a) the testing of certain products,
(b) the method of calculating the results
(c) the minimum permissible result, which is
acceptable.Biomaterial: A synthetic material used to make
devices to replace part of a living system or to
function in intimate contact with living tissue.A variety of devices
and materials are used in the treatment of disease or injury.The
worldwide number of implanted devices is in the range of 4
000 000 to 5 000 000 per year.Fields of Knowledge to Develop Biomaterials
?More than 40 different materials are currently used to
replace more than 40 different parts of the body.Biomaterials
?Biological Material: A material that is produced by
a biological system.??????