Causes of Address Space Expansion:

Shared Memory: P1 might explicitly request or be configured to use shared memory regions.These regions are intentionally made accessible to multiple processes for inter-process communication (IPC).Violation of Process Isolation:

Generally No, if Intentional: If the sharing of memory is intentional and managed by the operating system (e.g., through shared memory segments or memory-mapped files), it does not violate process isolation.Process isolation aims to prevent accidental or unauthorized access to another process's memory.