which should give rise to widespread concern.To investigate the spatial distribution of RI in this region, ArcMap 10.2 software was employed again.Additionally, the highest risk was located at the MSWI (< 500 m), and the risks to the local ecology gradually diminished away from the centre of the MSWI, especially to the south, possibly due to the influence by the local wind direction.Comparisons of the total risks of the metals in the study area calculated under the two references are presented in Fig.In addition, it was also determined that Cd accounted for most of the total risk, 75.53 % (background values) and 76.37 % (grade II values), mainly due to the high concentrations and toxicity coefficients.8.