a) Objects
The best thing that can clarify the meaning of the new vocabulary item or word is the real object. If the teacher shows the pupils a real thing for the word pen, ruler, orange,
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book, bag, .etc. s/he won't need to do a lot of effort to help pupils know the meaning of the word. Many objects are small, easy, and cheap for the teacher to bring to the class. For example, pens, books, fruits, some of the vegetables, money, and many other objects that help him/her clarify the meaning of the words.