The current problems associated with functional polymers and plastics
Plastic production in the world is estimated to have reached 348 metric tonnes in 2017 [110].The concept of "green chemistry" has been 
successfully applied in a variety of industries, including automobile, cosmetic, energy, and 
pharmaceutical, to name a few [112]. And it is clear that its success in its foray into the 
industrial field is due to a confluence of factors such as the recognition of the possibility of 
extinction, the association of the adjective "environmentally friendly" as a positive 
characteristic of products, and a population increasingly identifying with the importance of 
preserving the environment.Thus, mechanical recycling is commonly used in thermoplastic polymers to 
produce the raw materials to manufacture new products through the selection, washing, 
compaction, and palletization of plastic waste; however, after several cycles of recycling, the 
mechanical properties of the polymers can be altered to the point of losing practical 
applicability, and the reuse of material is limited depending on the initial type of application.Unfortunately, many commercially used polymers are derived from nonrenewable sources, and 
as a result, they are environmentally hazardous due to their low biodegradability and high 
accumulation rate, making them a global problem [110].Furthermore, increasingly stringent regulations have an impact on 
the productive sectors.[112].