o Type 1 DM (5%-10% of cases) usually results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic -cells, leading to absolute deficiency of insulin.The autoimmune process is mediated by macrophages and T lymphocytes with autoantibodies to -cell antigens (eg, islet cell antibody, insulin antibodies).Amylin suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and causes centrally mediated satiety.It usually presents in children and adolescents but can occur at any age.