An integrative review is “a form of research that reviews, 
critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a 
topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks 
and perspectives on the topic are generated” (8). Our 
review used Knafl and Whittemore’s 5-step process (9): 
(1) problem identification, (2) literature search, (3) data 
evaluation, (4) data analysis, and (5) presentation.