The architecture of Mesopotamia is ancient architecture of the region of the Tigris-Euphrates river system (also known as Mesopotamia), encompassing several distinct cultures and spanning a period from the 10th millennium BC, when the first permanent structures were built in the 6th century BC. Among the Mesopotamian architectural accomplishments are the development of urban planning, the courtyard house, and ziggurats.It was entirely rebuilt by King Nabonidus in the 6th century B.C.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon have been attributed to the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled between 562 and 605 BC. He mentioned that the reason for its construction was to satisfy his wife, the Queen of Babylon, who was the daughter of one of the leaders of the armies that allied with his father, and who made a great effort to conquer the Assyrians.She was called Amites of Medonian, who missed life in the hills of Persia and hated living in the flat land of Babylon.The garden is designed for light.No architectural profession existed in Mesopotamia; however, scribes drafted and managed construction for the government, nobility, or royalty
The ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Assyrians, and others built ziggurats for religious purposes, and often included the ziggurat as part of a larger temple complex of other buildings.Broad at the bottom, these pyramid-shaped buildings had two to seven tiers, with each ascending tier smaller than the one under it. The top of the building was flat, and on it was a shrine or temple to the god where only priests could go. The entire building was made of sun-dried bricks in all the interior areas, with glazed fire-dried bricks facing outward.A reconstruction of it that incorporates surviving materials is currently in the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Vorderasiatisches Museum in Germany.Built by Nebuchadnezzar II and named after Ishtar, a goddess of love and war, the Ishtar Gate served as the ceremonial entrance to the inner wall of Babylon, a route that ultimately leads to the ziggurat and Esagil shrine.People passing by it in antiquity would see glazed blue and yellow bricks with alternating images of dragons and bulls carved in relief.Starting around 3000 B.C., Mesopotamian kings began building ziggurats and continued to build them up to the time of Alexander the Great circa 300 B.C.
The word ziggurat means raised area.