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Zinc oxide has a widespread use in cosmetic
products.It is necessary to focus on making products with a
controlled particle size and minimal agglomeration. Besides its authorized use as a cosmetic
colorant with the Color Index No.CI 77947 (Council
Directive 76/768/EHS in Annex IV), zinc oxide is
applied as bulking agent and skin protecting UV
absorber [1].In early 2009, the Therapeutic Goods
Administration (TGA) conducted an updated review
of the scientific literature in relation to the use of
nanoparticulate zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in
sunscreens.Moreover
Sharma [5] proved in his study that zinc oxide NPs
cause statistically significant DNA damage at
concentrations of 5 and 0.8ug/ml in human
epidermal cells.Using nanosized particles in cosmetics
generates products with improved texture, more
vibrant color, and greater skin penetration [3].Therefore, it is essential to
understand the fate of these agglomerates upon to
ascertain whether subsequent toxicological effects
are attributable to the nanoparticle physical
properties or are a function of their chemical
composition.These nanoparticles (NPs) with
dimensions less than 100nm allow tailored product
formulations to meet the specific demands of the
consumer.Although zinc oxide is considered to
be non-toxic substance as it is practically insoluble
in water, there are incomplete data on its purity and
physico-chemical specifications of zinc oxide.In this study we wanted to contribute to the
awareness of the properties and behavior of oilbased dispersion with the contents of zinc oxide.The potential for zinc oxide NPs in
sunscreens to cause adverse effects depends
primarily upon the ability of the NPs to reach viable
skin cells.It is necessary to continue monitoring the
emerging scientific literature to ensure appropriate
action in case unacceptable risks are identified [6].There
is a lack of reliable data on the percutaneous
absorption of micronised zinc oxide [4].


Original text

Zinc oxide has a widespread use in cosmetic
products. Besides its authorized use as a cosmetic
colorant with the Color Index No.CI 77947 (Council
Directive 76/768/EHS in Annex IV), zinc oxide is
applied as bulking agent and skin protecting UV
absorber [1]. In sunscreens zinc oxide is used at
concentrations up to 25% [2].
Since there is a very rapid development of
nanotechnology, it is not surprising that
nanoparticles found application also in the
cosmetics industry. These nanoparticles (NPs) with
dimensions less than 100nm allow tailored product
formulations to meet the specific demands of the
consumer. Using nanosized particles in cosmetics
generates products with improved texture, more
vibrant color, and greater skin penetration [3].
Zn2+ is generally considered a non-toxic metal. This
view is based on the knowledge that Zn2+ is an
essential nutrient present in virtually every cell. It
must be consumed in the diet and absorbed to
maintain human health and it does not appear to
accumulate with age, etc [1].
However, there are many issues to be discussed
regarding the use of NPs. The development of new
types of NPs is faster than the evaluation of their
safety. In spite of the interest of research teams,
there are still insufficient information regarding the
identification of potential health risks. These risks
may be associated with the unknown effect of
nanoparticles in long-term exposure. Problems may
also arise from insufficient characterization of
prepared NPs. Although zinc oxide is considered to
be non-toxic substance as it is practically insoluble
in water, there are incomplete data on its purity and
physico-chemical specifications of zinc oxide. There
is a lack of reliable data on the percutaneous
absorption of micronised zinc oxide [4]. Moreover
Sharma [5] proved in his study that zinc oxide NPs
cause statistically significant DNA damage at
concentrations of 5 and 0.8µg/ml in human
epidermal cells.
In early 2009, the Therapeutic Goods
Administration (TGA) conducted an updated review
of the scientific literature in relation to the use of
nanoparticulate zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in
sunscreens. The potential for zinc oxide NPs in
sunscreens to cause adverse effects depends
primarily upon the ability of the NPs to reach viable
skin cells. The current weight of evidence suggests
that zinc oxide NPs do not reach viable skin cells
[6]. It is necessary to continue monitoring the
emerging scientific literature to ensure appropriate
action in case unacceptable risks are identified [6].
It is therefore very important to pay attention to this
issue. We should try to understand the behavior of
NPs in biological systems and ensure the security of
these systems [7].
However, the question of nanoparticle toxicity is not
as simple as examining individual particles only.
Due to their high diffusivity, NPs should exist as
individual particles for only a short time and will
agglomerate rapidly. Therefore, it is essential to
understand the fate of these agglomerates upon to
ascertain whether subsequent toxicological effects
are attributable to the nanoparticle physical
properties or are a function of their chemical
composition. There are studies on the degree of
nanoparticle agglomeration examining nanoparticle
powders in solution and in the aerosol state [8].
It is necessary to focus on making products with a
controlled particle size and minimal agglomeration.
Then we will be able to understand how particle size
affects the properties of the product, leading to the
successful using of ZnO NPs. Dodd [9] is already
able to produce zinc oxide NPs with an average size
of 33 nm using a three-stage mechanical grinding.
In this study we wanted to contribute to the
awareness of the properties and behavior of oilbased dispersion with the contents of zinc oxide.


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