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Fractional distillation must be used in order to separate the components well by repeated vaporization-condensation cycles within a packed fractionating column. This separation, by successive distillations, is also referred to as rectification. Fractional Distillation (Multistage Batch Distillation) As the solution to be purified is heated, its vapors rise to the fractionating column. As it rises, it cools, condensing on the condenser walls and the surfaces of the packing material. Here, the condensate continues to be heated by the rising hot vapors; it vaporizes once more. Distillation Columns are classified by the manner in which they are operated: 1.Batch columns process in which the feed to the column is introduced batch-wise. The column is charged with a 'batch' and then the distillation process is carried out. When the desired task is achieved, a next batch of feed is introduced. {Moonshine} 2.Continuous columns process a continuous feed stream.No interruptions occur unless there is a problem with the column or surrounding process units. They are capable of handling high throughputs and are the most common of the two types. • tray column - trays of various designs used to hold up the liquid to provide better contact between vapour and liquid; • packed column - packings are used to enhance vapour-liquid contact. Distillation Columns are classified by the manner in which they are operated: •Column internal trays/plates and/or packings which are used to enhance component separations. •A reboiler to provide the necessary vaporization for the distillation process. •A condenser to cool and condense the vapour leaving the top of the column. • A reflux drum to hold the condensed vapour from the top of the column so that liquid (reflux) can be recycled back to the column.

Fractional distillation must be
used in order to separate the
components well by repeated
vaporization-condensation cycles
within a packed fractionating
column.
This separation, by successive
distillations, is also referred to as
rectification.
Fractional Distillation
(Multistage Batch
Distillation)
As the solution to be purified is
heated, its vapors rise to the
fractionating column.
As it rises, it cools, condensing
on the condenser walls and the
surfaces of the packing
material.
Here, the condensate
continues to be heated by the
rising hot vapors; it vaporizes
once more.
Distillation Columns are
classified by the manner in
which they are operated:
1.Batch columns process in which the feed to
the column is introduced batch-wise.
The column is charged with a 'batch' and then
the distillation process is carried out.
When the desired task is achieved, a next
batch of feed is introduced. {Moonshine}
2.Continuous columns process a continuous
feed stream.No interruptions occur unless there
is a problem with the column or surrounding
process units.
They are capable of handling high throughputs
and are the most common of the two types.
• tray column - trays of various
designs used to hold up the liquid to provide
better contact between vapour and liquid;
• packed column - packings are used
to enhance vapour-liquid contact.
Distillation Columns are classified
by the manner in which they are
operated:
•Column internal trays/plates and/or
packings which are used to
enhance component separations.
•A reboiler to provide the necessary
vaporization for the distillation
process.
•A condenser to cool and condense
the vapour leaving the top of the
column.
• A reflux drum to hold the
condensed vapour from the top of
the column so that liquid (reflux) can
be recycled back to the column.