Networks Outline
➢ Local Area Network (LAN)
➢ Internet
➢ Wireless
Local Area Network LAN Outline
▸ What is local area network (LAN)
▸ How Does LAN Work
▸ Benefits of A LAN
▸ Types of LAN
▸ Advantages / Disadvantages of The Internet
What is a Local Area Network LAN
▸ A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together
in one physical location, such as a building, office, or home.
▸ A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one user
to an enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office
or school.
▸ Regardless of size, a LAN's single defining characteristic is that it connects
devices that are in a single, limited area. In contrast, a Wide Area Network
(WAN) or Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers larger geographic
areas. Some WANs and MANs connect many LANs together.
How Does LAN Work
▸ A LAN comprises cables, access points, switches, routers, and other
components that enable devices to connect to internal servers, web
servers, and other LANs via wide area networks.
▸ The rise of virtualization has also fueled the development of virtual LANs,
which enable network administrators to logically group network nodes and
partition their networks without a need for major infrastructure changes.
▸ For example, in an office with multiple departments, such as accounting, IT
support, and administration, each department's computers could be
logically connected to the same switch but segmented to behave as if they
are separate.
Benefits of a LAN
▸ The devices connected using a single Internet connection.
▸ Files can be shared with one another
▸ Sharing Printers
▸ Devices accessed and controlled
Types of LAN
▸ There are two types of LAN:
- A client/server LAN which consists of several devices (the clients) connected to a central server.
The server manages file storage, application access, device access, and network traffic.
✓ A client can be any connected device that runs or accesses applications or the Internet. The
clients connect to the server either with cables or through wireless connections.
✓ Most midsize to large business, government, research, and education networks are
client/server-based LANs.
Types of LAN (Cont.)
- A peer-to-peer LAN there is no central server can handle heavy workloads like a
client/server LAN can, and so they're typically smaller.
✓ On a peer-to-peer LAN, each device shares equally in the functioning of the
network.
✓ The devices share resources and data through wired or wireless connections to a
switch or router. Most home networks are peer-to-peer.
Internet Outline
▸ Internet Definition
▸ How is The Internet Set Up
▸ How Does The Internet Work
▸ Internet Connection Protocols
Internet Definition
▸ Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the
world with each other and to the World Wide Web.
▸ It uses standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to connect billions of
computer users worldwide.
▸ Internet set up by using cables such as optical fibers and other wireless and
networking technologies.
▸ Internet is the fastest mean of sending or exchanging information and data
between computers across the world.
▸ The internet is not owned by a single person or organization entirely. It is a
concept based on physical infrastructure that connects networks with other
networks to create a global network of billions of computers.
How is The Internet Set Up
▸ Physical copper or optical fiber data transmission cables, as well as other
networking technologies like LAN, WAN, and MAN, are used to set up the
internet.
▸ Even the 2g, 3g, and 4g services, as well as Wi-Fi, need this physical cable
arrangement in order to access the Internet connection.
▸ The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a US-
based organization, is in charge of overseeing the management of the
Internet and its related protocols, including IP addresses.
How Does The Internet Work
▸ When a user turn on the computer and type a domain name in the browser search
bar, browser sends a request to the DNS server to get the corresponding IP
address. After getting the IP address, the browser forwards the request to the
respective server.
▸ Once the server gets the request to provide information about a particular website,
the data starts flowing. The data is transferred through the optical fiber cables in
digital format or in the form of light pulses. As the servers are placed at distant
places, the data may have to travel thousands of miles through optical fiber cable to
reach user’s computer.
How Does The Internet Work (Cont.)
▸ The optical fiber is connected to a router, which converts the light signals
into electrical signals. These electrical signals are transmitted to your laptop
using an Ethernet cable. Thus, you receive the desired information through
the internet, which is actually a cable that connects you with the server.
Internet Connection Protocols
▸ Protocols are a set of guidelines that aid in regulating the operation of any specific
organization or technology. There are three main categories of Internet Connection
Protocols:-
- TCP/IP Network Model: The most popular protocols for linking networks are
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Any communication
is split up into a number of packets that are sent from source to destination.
- File Transfer Protocol: With the help of FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a user can
transfer documents, text files, multimedia files, program files, etc., from one device
to another.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol: It is used to move a hypertext between two or more
computers or other devices. Links can be made using HTML tags and can take the
form of text or graphics.
Advantages / Disadvantages of The Internet
Advantages
✓ Instant messaging
✓ Cloud computing
✓ Get direction
✓ Online shopping
✓ Online banking
✓ Career building
Disadvantages
✓ Cyber crime
✓ Bad impact on health
✓ Time wastage
✓ Not a safe place for children
Wireless Outline
➢ What is A Wireless Network
➢ How To Deploy A Wireless Network
➢ Benefits of Wireless Network
What is A Wireless Network
➢ A wireless network allows devices to stay connected to the network, but roam
untethered to any wires. Access points amplify Wi-Fi signals, so a device can be far
from a router but still be connected to the network.
➢ When you connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot at a cafe, a hotel, an airport lounge, or another
public place, you're connecting to that business's wireless network..
How To Deploy A Wireless Network
➢ Wireless network can be created in three different types of deployment:-
- Centralized deployment: The most common type of wireless network system, centralized
deployments are traditionally used in campuses where buildings and networks are in close
proximity. This deployment consolidates the wireless network, which makes upgrades easier and
facilitates advanced wireless functionality. Controllers are based on-premises and are installed in
a centralized location.
How To Deploy A Wireless Network (Cont.)
- Converged Deployment: For small campuses or branch offices, converged deployments offer
consistency in wireless and wired connections. This deployment converges wired and wireless
on one network device—an access switch—and performs the dual role of both switch and
wireless controller
- Cloud-Based Deployment: This system uses the cloud to manage network devices deployed
on-premises at different locations. The solution requires Cisco Meraki cloud-managed devices,
which provide full visibility of the network through their dashboards.
Benefits of Wireless Network
✓ Convenience: Access your network resources from any location within your
wireless network's coverage area or from any Wi-Fi hotspot.
✓ Mobility: You're not tied to your desk, as you are with a wired connection. You and
your employees can go online in conference room meetings, for example.
✓ Productivity: Wireless access to the Internet and to your company's key
applications and resources helps your staff get the job done and encourages
collaboration.
✓ Easy setup: You don't have to string cables, so installation can be quick and cost
effective.
Benefits of Wireless Network (Cont.)
✓ Expandability: You can easily expand wireless networks with existing equipment,
whereas a wired network might require additional wiring.
✓ Security: Advances in wireless networks provide robust security protections.
✓ Reduced cost: Because wireless networks eliminate or reduce wiring expenses,
they can cost less to operate than wired networks.
Network Mapping Outline
➢ What is Network Mapping
➢ How Does Network Mapping Work
➢ The Importance of Network Mapping
What is Network Mapping
➢ Network mapping is the process of discovering all entities linked to a network.
Network mapping solutions visualize physical and virtual networks and provide in-
depth visibility into enterprise IT infrastructure.
➢ Organizations use network mapping to simplify network monitoring and swiftly
pinpoint network faults with network mapping tools.
➢ Network mapping helps IT teams discover and visualize network connectivity by
generating a network map. This map contains network diagrams, flowcharts, device
inventories, and topology detection. These visual aids and materials are helpful for
numerous purposes, including network security and maintenance.
How Does Network Mapping Work
➢ Network mapping solutions gather and interpret data using easy-to-read
visualizations that accurately reflect the status of the enterprise network and all
linked devices.
➢ Alerts are generated to notify IT personnel of network problems such as excess
traffic or abnormal behavior.
➢ Simply checking the map allows IT teams to spot devices exhibiting problems and
gain additional context-driven data to help figure out the cause of the issue quickly.
The metrics gauged by network mapping tools include latency, bandwidth, and
throughput.