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Genetic Engineering By about 1970, researchers had discovered the structure of DNA and had determined the central dogma that information flowed from DNA to RNA and from RNA to proteins.wright McGraw-Hill Education Sinclair Stammers/Science SourceMagnification: unavailable Figure 1 The gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into mosquito larvae so that researchers could verify that exogenous DNA was inserted.These genetically engineered organisms are used in various processes, such as studying the expression of a particular gene, investigating a variety of cellular processes, studying the development of a certain disease, and selecting traits that might be beneficial to humans.For example, researchers have inserted a gene for a bioluminescent protein called green fluorescent protein (GFP) into various organisms.

Genetic Engineering
By about 1970, researchers had discovered the structure of DNA and had determined the central dogma that information flowed from DNA to RNA and from RNA to proteins. However, scientists did not know much about the function of individual genes.
The situation changed when scientists began using genetic engineering, technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert exogenous DNA (the DNA of another organism). For example, researchers have inserted a gene for a bioluminescent protein called green fluorescent
protein (GFP) into various organisms. GFP, which is a substance naturally found in jellyfishes that live in the north Pacific Ocean, emits a green light when it is exposed to ultravi- olet light. Organisms that have been genetically engineered to synthesize the DNA for GFP,
such as the mosquito larvae shown in Figure 1, can be easily identified in the presence of ultraviolet light. The GFP DNA is attached to exogenous DNA to verify that the DNA has been inserted into the organism. These genetically engineered organisms are used in various processes, such as studying the expression of a particular gene, investigating a variety of cellular processes, studying the development of a certain disease, and selecting traits that might be beneficial to humans.
Magnification: unavailable
Figure 1 The gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into mosquito larvae so that researchers could verify that exogenous DNA was inserted.
Predict how genetic engineering might be used in the future by the medical field.
wright McGraw-Hill Education Sinclair Stammers/Science Source