لخّصلي

A region of strategic and economic importance to China.The first chapter was entitled (A Geographical Overview of East Turkestan), which dealt with the geographical location of the region, the area it occupied, the administrative divisions that occurred, the most important cities that emerged in East Turkestan, the terrain conditions, the rivers that emerged in China, the plains and deserts, the nature of the climate there, in addition to the ethnic composition and the language used by them.It also included (East Turkestan under Chinese Rule 1949-1966), which dealt with Chinese control from 1949-1955, followed by the fall of the Chinese Republic and the establishment of the People's Republic of China led by Mao Zedong, and the declaration of Burhan Shahidi as the Governor-General of East Turkestan.For a long time, China has sought to control East Turkestan, also known today as Xinjiang, which is part of Greater Turkestan, the homeland of the Uyghur ethnic group and the original homeland of the Turks.It was a subject of dispute between China and Russia until it was divided into two regions, the western one known as West Turkestan, and the eastern one, known as East Turkestan.The year 1976 was chosen as the end of the research because it was the year in which Mao Zedong died and in which China partially stopped claiming its legitimate rights.It dealt with the fall of the Manchu Empire and the establishment of the Chinese Republic led by (Sun Yat-sen).

A region of strategic and economic importance to China. The Chinese government's policy towards East Turkestan has been complex and multifaceted. For a long time, China has sought to control East Turkestan, also known today as Xinjiang, which is part of Greater Turkestan, the homeland of the Uyghur ethnic group and the original homeland of the Turks. It was a subject of dispute between China and Russia until it was divided into two regions, the western one known as West Turkestan, and the eastern one, known as East Turkestan. Given the economic and political importance of this region, this research aims to shed light on its importance. The year 1644 was considered the beginning of the research because it was the year in which the Manchu dynasty came to power. The year 1976 was chosen as the end of the research because it was the year in which Mao Zedong died and in which China partially stopped claiming its legitimate rights. The research was divided into an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter was entitled (A Geographical Overview of East Turkestan), which dealt with the geographical location of the region, the area it occupied, the administrative divisions that occurred, the most important cities that emerged in East Turkestan, the terrain conditions, the rivers that emerged in China, the plains and deserts, the nature of the climate there, in addition to the ethnic composition and the language used by them. It dealt with the fall of the Manchu Empire and the establishment of the Chinese Republic led by (Sun Yat-sen). It also included (East Turkestan under Chinese Rule 1949-1966), which dealt with Chinese control from 1949-1955, followed by the fall of the Chinese Republic and the establishment of the People's Republic of China led by Mao Zedong, and the declaration of Burhan Shahidi as the Governor-General of East Turkestan. It also discussed the Chinese policies towards East Turkestan from 1966 to 1978, including the policy of religious persecution of the Uyghurs. The Cultural Revolution launched by Mao Zedong in East Turkestan and all of China ended with the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, but the situation remained in chaos until 1987 and his meetings with American presidents to find a solution to their issue, in addition to letters and theses, including the letter of “Ezz El-Din Ahmed El-Wardani Farag” on the development of the East Turkestan issue from (1760-1949), which dealt in detail with East Turkestan from 1760 until the control, and the book “The East Turkestan Issue” by (Isa Youssef Alptekin), which consists of 207 pages, where he dealt with the definition of East Turkestan and its political history during the era of the empire until the Chinese occupation in 1949. The role of Isa Youssef Alptekin in knowing the role of Isa Youssef Alptekin and his efforts inside it, then his efforts outside it. It also dealt with the history of Turkestan and the tribes that arose in it, as well as the Uyghur figures and their role in resisting Chinese control. By examining the Chinese government's policy toward East Turkestan during this period, 1- In conclusion, it represented attempts to consolidate Chinese control over the region and promote Chinese identity. However, these policies were accompanied by challenges and difficulties, including resistance from the indigenous population and economic and political challenges. 2- This study emphasizes the importance of understanding historical developments in East Turkestan to understand the current situation in the region. These policies have had profound impacts on the indigenous population of the region. 3- This study recommends the need for further research into the Chinese government's policy toward East Turkestan.