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Infections causing Trismus could be of odontogenic or non odontogenic in nature.Pain can also be caused due to excessive pressure affecting adjacent tissues and irritation of trigeminal nerve, which leads to masseteric muscle spasm causing Trismus.Chronic infections involving this supporting tissue may irritate free nerve endings causing masseteric muscle spasm.As with other dental infections pericoronitis also can cause reflex irritation of trigeminal nerve throwing masseter muscle into spasm causing Trismus.This is commonly caused by dental caries which manages to penetrate through the enamel and dentine of the teeth to reach the pulp.Dental infections if left unchecked can cause spread of infection into various neck spaces causing cervical cellulitis / mediastinitis.Non odontogenic infections causing Trismus: These include tonsillitis, tetanus, meningitis, parotid abscess and brain abscessWhen Pulp becomes inflamed due to infections it causes excessive pressure build up within the Pulpal cavity causing dental pain.This causes excessive dental pain.

Infections causing Trismus could be of odontogenic or non odontogenic in nature.
Odontogenic infections causing Trismus include:
Pulpal infections – This condition is also known as pulpitis. This is commonly caused by dental caries which manages to penetrate through the enamel and dentine of the teeth to reach the pulp. This can also be caused due to trauma / repeated thermal injuries following dental procedures 3. When Pulp becomes inflamed due to infections it causes excessive pressure build up within the Pulpal cavity causing dental pain. Pain can also be caused due to excessive pressure affecting adjacent tissues and irritation of trigeminal nerve, which leads to masseteric muscle spasm causing Trismus. Since the pulp is surrounded by hard dentine there is no scope for pressure dissipation. This causes excessive dental pain. Ultimately this can even lead to revitalization of the tooth. If the pulpitis is reversible as in the case of dental caries / exposed dentine then Trismus will reduce on effective treatment of the condition. If the condition is
irreversible pulpitis as in the case of deep caries then the condition becomes difficult to manage.
Periodontal infections – The term periodontium is used to indicate tissues that surround and support the teeth. Chronic infections involving this supporting tissue may irritate free nerve endings causing masseteric muscle spasm. In almost all inflammatory conditions involving teeth it is the trigeminal nerve irritation that leads to Trismus.
Pericoronal infections – This condition is also known as pericoronitis. This involves inflammation of soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth 4. As with other dental infections pericoronitis also can cause reflex irritation of trigeminal nerve throwing masseter muscle into spasm causing Trismus.
Dental infections if left unchecked can cause spread of infection into various neck spaces causing cervical cellulitis / mediastinitis.
Non odontogenic infections causing Trismus:
These include tonsillitis, tetanus, meningitis, parotid abscess and brain abscess