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Citations are crucial for intellectual honesty (avoiding plagiarism) and precision. Quoting requires quotation marks; for three or more authors, use "et al." Citation formats vary depending on the source. For articles, cite author name, title, magazine title, date, volume, issue, and page numbers. For books, cite author name, title, place of publication, publisher, and year. Websites require author, year, page title, site title, URL, and access date. Master's theses need author, year, title, university, and access details. Thesis citations include author, title, thesis type, discipline, institution, year, and page count. Over 2000 citation styles exist, with MLA and APA being popular. APA style uses (Name, P. (Year). Title. Place, publisher), while MLA uses a "List of Works Cited" with full references at the end. MLA is an author-date system used mainly in sciences. Harvard style is exemplified by Mucchielli, L., (2018). Sociology of delinquency. Malakoff: Armand Colin. Citation systems include notes and bibliography (preferred in humanities) and author-date (common in sciences and social sciences). Chicago style uses numbered footnotes or endnotes (notes and bibliography) or author-date system. An example is Einstein, Albert. La signification de la relativité. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1923.

The citations
Why cite an author, an article...?

• For the sake of intellectual honesty (plagiarism is
  considered a serious offense!)


• For the sake of precision (it is better to cite a work
  than to offer the reader an approximate
  reformulation)HOW TO CITE?
  ➢ When we quote sentences borrowed from
  a work, we put them in quotation marks.
  ➢ when there are three authors or more we
  write the first author et al. NAME, First name of the author. Article title.
  Title of the magazine. Publication date, volume,
  number, number of pages.
  bibliographic reference of an article AUTHOR'S NAME First name, Title of the
  work, Place of publication, Name of the
  publisher, Year of the edition used.
  IF IT IS A BOOK:
  Example:
  GIRAUDOUX Jean, Littérature, Paris, Grasset, 1941. A BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE OF A
  WEBSITE
  Author's name, initials. (Year) Page title. Site title.
  Available at: URL (Consulted on: Date). A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE OF A
  MASTER'S THESIS
  Author's name, initials. (year). Document title.
  Bachelor's/Master's thesis, Name of university.
  Available on: URL (Accessed on: Date)BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE FOR A
  THESIS
  NAME, First name of the author. Title. Type of
  work (thesis, dissertation, report) Discipline. Place
  establishment, year, number of pages. ▪There are more than 2000 styles for
  writing bibliographic references.
  ▪MLA styles and APA are among the
  most popular.
  BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE STYLES is an editorial format defined by the
  American Psychological Association for
  scientific publications and writings in the
  fields of humanities and behavioral
  sciences.
  APA STYLE APA-STYLE
  • Name, P. (Year). Title. Place (of publication),
  publisher. With the MLA citation style, the bibliography is
  titled “List of Works Cited”. It is found at the end of
  your work (before the appendices) and gives full
  references to the sources cited in the body of the
  text.
  MLA STYLEAuthor. " Document title. » Title of the set,
  other contributors, version, number,
  publishing house, publication date, location
  MLA STYLEis an author-date system mostly used in the sciences. The
  author's last name and year of publication are cited using
  parentheses in the text. Full details are included at the end
  of the report, in the bibliography.
  HARVARD STYLE
  Mucchielli, L., (2018). Sociology of delinquency.
  Malakoff: Armand Colin
  examplesource citations come in two varieties: (1)
  notes and bibliography and (2) author-date.
  CHICAGO-STYLEThe notes and bibliography system is preferred by
  many working in the humanities—including
  literature, history, and the arts. In this system,
  sources are cited in numbered footnotes or
  endnotes. The author-date system is more common in the
  sciences and social sciences. In this system, sources
  are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by
  author’s last name and year of publication.
  Exampele:
  Einstein, Albert. La signification de la
  relativité . Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1923.