لخّصلي

subregion stands out for its political stability, economic-commercial indicators, and endless opportunities to attract foreign investment, mainly through Sovereign Investment Funds. Therefore, this group of countries offers outstanding potential for achieving the interests and objectives of the foreign actors of all multinational companies. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) comprises six states, Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain, with familiar political and economic objectives. The GCC was created in 1988 (Al-Malkawi, Pillai, & Bhatti, 2014) with the shared ambitions of global economic dominance. The GCC states have benefited from some supremacy on the world stage because of their expanding political power, considerable revenue from the oil and gas sectors, and financial edges. The use of hydrocarbon revenues in international financial markets may be observed in this impact. Consequently, the GCC nations have some advantages in the financial sector, especially as the Islamic banking and financing business grew following the global financial crisis of 2008. However, the GCC banking industry’s performance stalled due to the considerable decrease in oil and gas prices towards the end of 2014. The banking industry of the GCC suffered a major slowdown from 2014-2019, which is linked to the downturn in the economic situation of the countries of the GCC (Saleh, Moradi-Motlagh, and Zeitun, 2020). These changes caused the GCC governments to start various programs to diversify the region’s economic sources, which was later translated into long-term ambitions. The governments of the GCC worked hard to reduce their dependency on oil and gas revenue while improving the banking industry structure. These ideals are founded on two major pillars: transforming knowledge into economic knowledge and enhancing corporate governance standards. In line with the adoption of economic growth knowledge, the UAE Vision 2021 highlighted the importance of improving human capital (Petratos et al., 2020), while Vision 2030 of Saudi Arabia (Khan & Khan, 2020), Qatar (Nawaz & Koç, 2020), Bahrain (Al-Azzawi & Hasan, 2019), and Kuwait (Coombe et al., 2019) focused on boosting the knowledge base of the labour-power. Also, Oman Vision 2040 (Coombe et al., 2019) paid more concern toward improving education ability. Khan et al. (2020) stated that GCC visions focused on growing individual knowledge, which is seen as the most important component in increasing the economy.
In this perspective, knowledge cannot be controlled as such but rather through processes and systems developed in a place that permits such knowledge to be created. Leadership and trust are required, along with other aspects that allow the production of training, remuneration, encouragement, and of course, the system quality of IT systems, as represented by intellectual equity