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Being knowledgeable about the factors and circumstances that commonly predispose people to pneumonia helps identify patients at high risk for the disease (Bartlett, 2019a).For example, staphylococcal pneumonia has been noted after epidemics of influenza, and patients with COPD are at increased risk for development of pneumonia caused by pneumococci or H. influenzae.Pneumonia occurs in patients with certain underlying disorders such as heart failure, diabetes, alcoholism, COPD, and AIDS (Klompas, 2019a).Increasing numbers of patients who have compromised defenses against infections are susceptible to pneumonia.

Being knowledgeable about the factors and circumstances that commonly
predispose people to pneumonia helps identify patients at high risk for the
disease (Bartlett, 2019a). Table 19-2 describes risk factors for pneumonia;
additional risk factors are travel or exposure to certain environments and
residence in a long-term care facility. Increasing numbers of patients who have
compromised defenses against infections are susceptible to pneumonia. Some
types of pneumonia, such as those caused by viral infections, occur in
previously healthy people, often after a viral illness.
Pneumonia occurs in patients with certain underlying disorders such as
heart failure, diabetes, alcoholism, COPD, and AIDS (Klompas, 2019a).
Certain diseases also have been associated with specific pathogens. For
example, staphylococcal pneumonia has been noted after epidemics of
influenza, and patients with COPD are at increased risk for development of
pneumonia caused by pneumococci or H. influenzae. In addition, cystic
fibrosis is associated with respiratory infection caused by pseudomonal and
staphylococcal organisms, and PCP has been associated with AIDS.
Pneumonias occurring in hospitalized patients often involve organisms not
usually found in CAP, including enteric gram-negative bacilli and S. aureus.