لخّصلي

Legislative frameworks and judicial authorities face substantial challenges when dealing with this type of crime, including:

1.Despite the UAE's provisions on the applicability of the law to crimes committed abroad against its interests, actual implementation still requires complex international cooperation.Jurisdiction Challenge: o Due to the criminality, determining the competent state to prosecute the offender becomes complicated.The act may be committed in one country, and the result may occur in another, while the servers used are managed in a third country.2.

Legislative frameworks and judicial authorities face substantial challenges when dealing with this type of crime, including:

1. Jurisdiction Challenge:
   o Due to the criminality, determining the competent state to prosecute the offender becomes complicated. The act may be committed in one country, and the result may occur in another, while the servers used are managed in a third country. Despite the UAE's provisions on the applicability of the law to crimes committed abroad against its interests, actual implementation still requires complex international cooperation.


2. Digital Evidence Challenge:
   o The nature of digital evidence (speed of erasure, ease of manipulation, complexity of its source) requires special procedures to collect, control and preserve it. The challenge is to ensure the "chain of custody" of the digital evidence, i.e., to prove that it has not changed or been affected from the moment it is discovered until it is presented to the court, which requires high training of legal and technical staff.


3. The Challenge of Legal Adaptation:
   o It can be difficult to distinguish between ordinary criminal intent (such as a normal cyber crime) and aggravated terrorist intent, especially if the offender does not have a direct affiliation with a known terrorist organization. This requires a deep investigation to uncover the ulterior intent to spread terror or destabilize the public.


4. The Challenge of Accelerated Technological Development:
   o The pace of development of technologies used in cybercrime (such as generative AI and cryptocurrencies) is faster than the pace of legislative amendments, requiring legislators to be flexible in drafting legal texts to include new and emerging acts.
   The Second Requirement: Security Mechanisms and International Cooperation in Combating Cyber Terrorism:
   The combat system is not complete with the legislative framework alone, but requires effective security and technical mechanisms and relentless efforts in the field of international cooperation.