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The emergence of biofabricated nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for cancer therapy is perhaps the best example where material science and nanotechnology can make a great impact on medical practice.This carrier should then facilitate the delivery of the drug to its site of action while protecting it from premature metabolism and excretion.Chemotherapy is one of the most preferred clinical methods used to control the growth of several types of malignant tumors; however, its effectiveness is dose-dependent and most chemotherapy drugs have a narrow therapeutic index.A major goal of current cancer research is to develop treatments that minimize undesired side effects and accumulation in healthy tissues, while increasing accumulation in the tumor.

The emergence of biofabricated nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for cancer therapy is perhaps the best example where material science and nanotechnology can make a great impact on medical practice. Chemotherapy is one of the most preferred clinical methods used to control the growth of several types of malignant tumors; however, its effectiveness is dose-dependent and most chemotherapy drugs have a narrow therapeutic index. A major goal of current cancer research is to develop treatments that minimize undesired side effects and accumulation in healthy tissues, while increasing accumulation in the tumor. For this purpose, drug targeting has become an area of increasing interest and promises to be a step towards the development of more effective chemotherapeutic treatments. A targeting moiety can be directly attached to the active drug or the drug can be encapsulated or adsorbed onto a carrier to which the targeting ligand is attached. This carrier should then facilitate the delivery of the drug to its site of action while protecting it from premature metabolism and excretion. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made to construct carriers for drug delivery. Some of the more recent work has involved the use of macromolecular prodrugs, polymer conjugates, and direct drug incorporation into delivery systems such as liposomes. Nonetheless, there are still several limitations that prevent these drug delivery systems and formulations from achieving their full potential. The development of bioengineered nanomaterials provides a new frontier in drug delivery, enabling the design of more effective delivery systems and targeting strategies.