لخّصلي

In the process of work personnel of operation blocks may be affected by the following harmful and dangerous industrial factors:

elevated nervous-psychic and physical loads; an uncomfortable working position:

an elevated level of danger to be infected when operating on infectious patients;

• an elevated danger of explosion when using inhalation substances or inflammable decontamination substances;

⚫ elevated levels of concentration of gases in the air of the working zone;

elevated levels of static electricity,

elevated voltage of the electric power short circuit of which may pass through the human body.

Operational systems must be equipped with automatic systems of fire extinguishing. In case of application of explosive anesthetic agents, the warning "BE CAREFUL! EXPLOSIVE ANESTHETIC AGENTS ARE BEING USED!" must be placed near the entrance to the operation block.

During the operation there must be excluded accidental contacts of the patient's body with grounded parts of the operating table and other grounded equipment. Personnel must observe that functional condition of electric cables and wires is normal and there are no breakages, fractures, bare spots and deformations.

When working with electric surgical equipment it is forbidden:

• to check the functional capacity of the apparatus with "a spark" by touching grounded objects with an active electrode;

to apply onto the patient an electrode of smaller area. than it is indicated in the technical description of the apparatus; the maximal specific power of the apparatus must not exceed 1,5 W/cm²;

to perform any manipulations inside the apparatuses, to use isolated defected wires.

Personnel must collect dressing materials andIn case of explosion or fire in the operation block it is necessary:

to block the systems of medical gases' supply;

to remove all personnel and the patient from the

dangerous zone;

to block the electric power supply in the rooms of the operating block;

to take measures for extinguishing the focus of fire using fire extinguishers of carbon dioxide type (CDEs);

to render the first aid to the damaged people.

2. Safety requirements at exploitation of dental departments

Personnel allowed to work in a dental department (office)

must be above 18 years of age,

must have complete medical education,

⚫ must have complete training for group 1 qualification in electric safety observance,

⚫ must have no contraindications for their health. Personnel of dental offices must undergo a compulsory medical examination at admission to the job, and periodic medical examinations once a year or more often.

Personnel of dental offices must observe the rules of internal order, regimens of work and rest.

Personnel of dental offices may be affected by the following dangerous and harmful working factors:

a danger of getting infected at contact with patients with hepatitis B, C and other viral diseases;

⚫harmful and toxic chemicals;

⚫elevated voltage in the electric power source short circuit of

which may pass through the human body;

⚫ elevated nervous-psychic loads:

⚫a danger to be attacked by aggressive patients.It is necessary

• To protect the doctor's and his assistant's respiratory organs against various forming aerosols with disposal masks which must be changed every 4 hours.

• To protect the doctor's organs of vision with special protective eyeglasses.

aerosols are formed during preparation of carious cavities and grinding the teeth smooth by means of high-rotation drilling machines or turbines

• To select of instruments with fine working parts (drill, pulp extractors, etc.) in conditions of good lighting (near the window or a table lamp) in order to lessen the doctor's visual tension.

It is necessary

In case 6% hydrogen peroxide and cleaning agents have come in contact with the skin and mucous membranes, to wash them with a large amount of running water.

• Preparation of cleaning solutions and manual pre-sterilization cleaning of dental instruments should be performed in rubber gloves.

• To avoid burns when sterilizing dental instruments in drying cabinets, it is necessary to remove the instruments only after they have completely cooled down.

It is forbidden

to work on faulty devices, instruments, mechanisms with faulty adjustments, alarms, etc.;

to leave unattended devices, mechanisms, electric heaters turned on:

to store alcohol and other flammable substances near technical devices: to store and use drugs without labels, as well as drugs in damaged packaging:

to try and smell the preparations used;

to work with disconnected water supply and ventilation systems; to work without the established overalls and protective means

to store food, home clothes and other things not related to work at workplaces.

In order to exclude the transmission of infection

It is necessary for the physician

after accomplishment of purulent operation or treatment of the patient with endured hepatitis B or with carriage of its HBs-antigen (but not of hepatitis A!) to treat his hands with one of the following bactericidal preparations: 80% ethyl alcohol, 0.5% solution of chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% ethyl alcohol; 0,5% (1,125% of active chlorine) chloramine solution, and then to wash the hands with warm water of +40° C.