لخّصلي

1.This review was prepared in line with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines and the proposed guidelines for biomedical narrative review.The encapsulated sensitive agents (pure substances or a mixture of more agents) are known as coated materials, core materials, payloads, internal phases, etc., while the coating materials can be called shells, wall materials, capsules, carriers, membranes, films, the outer shell or packing materials.The choice of preparation method for an agent's encapsulation depends mostly on its properties, such as state of aggregation, sensitivity, size of molecules, etc., as well as the method of administration .Here, we review recently published new encapsulation approaches with high potential for use in the field of advanced therapies in medicine and targeted functional foods.Introduction Considering the increasing age of the population and other factors such as lifestyle (workload, stress, environmental pollution, etc.), there is a global effort to ensure a certain standard of living, with an emphasis on the increasing level of medical care as well as on a healthy and nutritionally balanced diet.Moreover, many consumers are concerned with the nutritional aspects of food and interested in novel functional food products containing plant extracts, vitamins, probiotics and prebiotics, etc.Generally, the creation of encapsulated cells is a form of cell surface modification (e.g., an entrapment within a biopolymer structure) and has drawn a large amount of attention in various research areas, such as cell therapy, cell biosensors, biocatalysts, etc..For adults, guidelines from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the WHO (World Health Organization) define a normal body mass index (BMI) range as 18.5 to 24.9, whereas a BMI >= 25 is considered to be overweight and a BMI >= 30 is classified as obese.

1. Introduction
   Considering the increasing age of the population and other factors such as lifestyle (workload, stress, environmental pollution, etc.), there is a global effort to ensure a certain standard of living, with an emphasis on the increasing level of medical care as well as on a healthy and nutritionally balanced diet. Many people in developed countries suffer from obesity, a complex multifactorial disease. For adults, guidelines from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the WHO (World Health Organization) define a normal body mass index (BMI) range as 18.5 to 24.9, whereas a BMI ≥ 25 is considered to be overweight and a BMI ≥ 30 is classified as obese. Severe obesity is defined as a BMI ≥ 35. High BMI increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. In all of these cases, an effective delivery of therapeutic agents and nutrients plays the most important role. The appropriate method of administering therapeutic agents ensures their required effect on human health and minimal side effects. Food supplements should also be administered in a way that guarantees their supportive effects on the human body. Moreover, many consumers are concerned with the nutritional aspects of food and interested in novel functional food products containing plant extracts, vitamins, probiotics and prebiotics, etc. Almost all of these active components are very sensitive compounds, and without protective treatments they lose their functional properties. An effective tool for delivery of therapeutic agents and sensitive compounds is encapsulation, which ensures not only protection and defined distribution in some organs of the human body but also may change the metabolization of some agents. The changes in metabolization of the agents may be controlled by the presence of other components in the protective layer. Encapsulation can be defined as the effective surrounding of an agent that provides its protection. The encapsulated sensitive agents (pure substances or a mixture of more agents) are known as coated materials, core materials, payloads, internal phases, etc., while the coating materials can be called shells, wall materials, capsules, carriers, membranes, films, the outer shell or packing materials. This technique enables managing the metabolic processes of encapsulated agents and their delivery to the specific site of action. Thus, encapsulation can ensure the effective distribution of drugs and nutrients in the human body. In general, the administration of poorly soluble, toxic or sensitive drugs is improved using encapsulation. Additionally, side effects can be limited. The most common route of encapsulated agent administration is oral administration. However, other routes of administration (intravenous, subcutaneous, dermal etc.)—e.g., implantations of encapsulated cells into tumours—have been published. The summary of encapsulation use is shown in Figure 1. Generally, the creation of encapsulated cells is a form of cell surface modification (e.g., an entrapment within a biopolymer structure) and has drawn a large amount of attention in various research areas, such as cell therapy, cell biosensors, biocatalysts, etc.. Because of growing demand for end products made using encapsulation, new techniques and methods have been developed. The choice of preparation method for an agent’s encapsulation depends mostly on its properties, such as state of aggregation, sensitivity, size of molecules, etc., as well as the method of administration .Here, we review recently published new encapsulation approaches with high potential for use in the field of advanced therapies in medicine and targeted functional foods. This review was prepared in line with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines and the proposed guidelines for biomedical narrative review.