لخّصلي

Corruption is a negative phenomenos that effects societies and countries through the deterioration of moral and economic values .The term "corruption" is derived from the Corruption, which means to spoil or corrupt. It is said that something is (corrupted) (decayed). According to Sibawayh, the term Corruption is similar in meaning to (perish), and both terms are close in meaning. (corruption among people) refers to their mutual decay and severing of familial ties. Max Weber: One of the early scholars to write about corruption in modern societies was Max Weber, who examined it through his ideas on bureaucracy and modernity. Bribery is considered one of the most expressive terms for corruption in English, where integrity and honesty are absent, and dishonesty and malfeasance are prevalent. It represents a state of moral decay and decomposition within society. Abuse of power, influence, favoritism, and bias are all corrupt practices. The concept of corruption in French is similar, referring to acts such as bribing a judge or distorting the truth, or sometimes implying persecution, injustice, or clear wrongdoing. Referring to Algerian legislation, it is noted that the legislator has not provided a precise definition of corruption but has indicated it through specific crimes outlined in Title IV of Law 01-06 concerning the prevention and combat of corruption. Corruption in the Quran: The terms "corruption" and "spreading corruption" are mentioned in several places in the Holy Quran, such as: o "Those who break the covenant of Allah after its confirmation, and sever that which Allah has commanded to be joined, and spread corruption in the land--these are the ones who are the losers."Exploitation of power Corruption occurs when individuals or institution exploit their powers to achieve personal benefits or illegitimate interests such as bribery or favoritism Destruction of institution Corruption harms government and private bodies , leading to a decline in performance efficiancy , the spred of favoritism , and weak oversight .Social injustice :Corruption contributes to the spread of inequality and the gap between social classes , which increases poverty and reduces peoples opportunities to obtain basic services such as education and health .

Corruption is a negative phenomenos that effects societies and countries through the deterioration of moral and economic values . the characteristics of corruption can be summarized in several main points .
Violation of moral values
Corruption Violates moral values such as integrity honesty and justice . this is represented by manipulating laws or exploiting power to achieve personal interests .
Exploitation of power
Corruption occurs when individuals or institution exploit their powers to achieve personal benefits or illegitimate interests such as bribery or favoritism Destruction of institution
Corruption harms government and private bodies , leading to a decline in performance efficiancy , the spred of favoritism , and weak oversight . undermining economic development as it leads to the squandering of public resources and the reduction of economic opportunities for many individuals.
Social injustice :Corruption contributes to the spread of inequality and the gap between social classes , which increases poverty and reduces peoples opportunities to obtain basic services such as education and health .
Lack of transparency and accountability : corruption is often associated with a lack of transparency in decision – making which prevents citizens from holding officials accountable for their actions or policies.
spred of apathy and frustration: Corruption leads to a state of frustration and despair among citizens, as they feel that efforts to improve the situation may be in vain .
thes are some of the characteristics of corruption that contribute to its negative impact on societies .
Linguistically: Corruption, in linguistic terms, means decay, disorder, and
disruption. The term "corruption" is derived from the Corruption, which
means to spoil or corrupt. It is said that something is (corrupted)
(decayed). According to Sibawayh, the term Corruption is similar in meaning to
(perish), and both terms are close in meaning. (corruption among
people) refers to their mutual decay and severing of familial ties.
Max Weber: One of the early scholars to write about corruption in modern
societies was Max Weber, who examined it through his ideas on bureaucracy
and modernity. Bribery is considered one of the most expressive terms for
corruption in English, where integrity and honesty are absent, and dishonesty
and malfeasance are prevalent. It represents a state of moral decay and
decomposition within society. Abuse of power, influence, favoritism, and bias
are all corrupt practices. The concept of corruption in French is similar,
referring to acts such as bribing a judge or distorting the truth, or sometimes
implying persecution, injustice, or clear wrongdoing.
Referring to Algerian legislation, it is noted that the legislator has not provided a
precise definition of corruption but has indicated it through specific crimes outlined in
Title IV of Law 01-06 concerning the prevention and combat of corruption.
Corruption in the Quran: The terms "corruption" and "spreading corruption" are
mentioned in several places in the Holy Quran, such as:
• "Those who break the covenant of Allah after its confirmation, and sever that which
Allah has commanded to be joined, and spread corruption in the land—these are the
ones who are the losers." (Quran )
• "Whenever they kindle the fire for war, Allah extinguishes it. They strive to cause
corruption on earth and destroy crops and lineage. Allah does not like corruption."
(Quran )
• "For that reason, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless
for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land—it is as if he had slain mankind entirely."
(Quran )
• "And so that Allah may test the people with some of what they have done, that they may
return." (Quran )
The term "corruption" appears in the Quran in fifty instances, often in conjunction
with the word "land" in about forty verses. Its meaning encompasses all forms of
corruption, and our legislation considers all offenses as indicative of corruption. Any
violations are seen as deviating from righteousness, whether these violations occur in
the realm of conduct, criminal acts, civil rights, or public rights.
Second: Characteristics and Causes of Corruption

1. Characteristics of Corruption:
   o Multiple Definitions: This arises from the various scientific fields that address
   the phenomenon of corruption, as it relates to human affairs. The definitions
   differ, for instance, between administrative corruption, political corruption, and
   economic corruption.
   o Shared Interests: There is a common interest among all parties involved in
   corruption, each benefiting from private gains. However, these gains are
   achieved through violations of the law