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Energy conversion o In most processes, energy is constantly changing from one form to another.Reservoir Water Inlet Hydroelectric dam Electricity out Dam Generator Water Flow Turbine
Water Outlet Temperature difference to Electrical Energy o Ocean thermal energy conversion uses the difference between cooler deep and warmer surface ocean waters to run a heat engine and produce electricity.J M 3 + 1 Surface Water-25?C 2 Evaporator 3 Waste Water-23?C 4 Turbine 5 Generator 10 + 5

• 8 10 6 Line to the grid 7 Waste Water-7?C 8 Condenser 9 Deep Water-5?C 10 Circulation

• 7 9 Nuclear Energy to Electrical Energy o Nuclear fission technology is applied for the generation of power.o Kinetic energy of expanding gas is converted to piston movement and hence to rotary crankshaft movement.The total energy input is recovered in various other forms and hence the energy is conserved Chemical Energy to Electrical Energy o Chemical energy stored in coal is released as heat when the coal is burned.o They provide the ability to store excess energy at the most convenient or cost-effective times, and release power to critical power loads when required, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing wastageExamples o The mechanical energy of a waterfall can be converted to electromagnetic energy in a generator.Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy o Potential energy in the fuel is converted to kinetic energy of expanding gas after combustion.o Photosynthesis is the synthesis of carbohydrates from sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2).o An internal combustion engine converts the potential chemical energy in gasoline into heat, which is then transformed into the kinetic energy that moves a vehicle.o Rotary crankshaft movement is passed into the transmission assembly to drive the wheels of a car.o Warm surface seawater is pumped through a heat exchanger to vaporize the fluid.

Energy conversion
• In most processes, energy is constantly changing
from one form to another. This is called energy
conversion.
Examples
• The mechanical energy of a waterfall can be
converted to electromagnetic energy in a
generator.
• An internal combustion engine converts the
potential chemical energy in gasoline into heat,
which is then transformed into the kinetic energy
that moves a vehicle.
Figure shows the energy usage and conversion
in a process.
Output energy at a new form is always lower
than input energy.
The total energy input is recovered in various
other forms and hence the energy is conserved
Chemical Energy to Electrical Energy
• Chemical energy stored in coal is released as
heat when the coal is burned.
• The heat is used to produce steam which is
converted into mechanical energy in a turbine.
• The generator converts mechanical energy
into electric energy that travels through the
power lines into your home.
• From the power outlet at home, the lamp load
receives the electric energy.
Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy
• Potential energy in the fuel is converted to
kinetic energy of expanding gas after
combustion.
• Kinetic energy of expanding gas is converted
to piston movement and hence to rotary
crankshaft movement.
• Rotary crankshaft movement is passed into
the transmission assembly to drive the wheels
of a car.
Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy
• The potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator.
• The power extracted from the water depends
on the volume and on the difference in height
between the source and the water’s outflow.
• This height difference is called the head. The
amount of potential energy in water is
proportional to the head.
Reservoir
Water Inlet
Hydroelectric dam
Electricity out
Dam
Generator
Water Flow
Turbine
＼
Water Outlet
Temperature difference to Electrical
Energy
• Ocean thermal energy conversion uses the
difference between cooler deep and warmer
surface ocean waters to run a heat engine and
produce electricity.
• Warm surface seawater is pumped through a
heat exchanger to vaporize the fluid.
• The expanding vapour turns the turbo-generator
and produce electricity.
• Cold water is pumped through a second heat
exchanger as it condenses the vapour into a liquid
and recycled through the system.
J
M
3 +
1 Surface Water-25°C
2 Evaporator
3 Waste Water-23°C
4 Turbine
5 Generator
10
+
5

• 8
  10
  6 Line to the grid
  7 Waste Water-7°C
  8 Condenser
  9 Deep Water-5°C
  10 Circulation

• 7
  9
  Nuclear Energy to Electrical Energy
  • Nuclear fission technology is applied for the
  generation of power.
  • Naturally occurring uranium consists of three
  isotopes 238U, 235U, and 234U.
  • The fission of a nucleus of 235U caused by an
  interaction with a neutron.
  • A compound nucleus of 236U is initially
  formed. The fission occurs within a very short
  time and dissipates energy.
  • The dissipated heat is used to produce steam
  which is converted into mechanical energy in a
  turbine.
  • The generator converts mechanical energy
  into electric energy.
  Steam
  Water
  Separator
  Section
  Reactor
  G
  c
  Energy Conversions in Biological
  Systems
  • All living systems have to convert energy to
  the chemical energy in the form of energy rich
  chemical compounds.
  • Photosynthesis is the synthesis of
  carbohydrates from sunlight and carbon
  dioxide (CO2).
  IIoT to Solar Energy Storage Systems
  • Energy storage systems can take the solar energy
  industry to the next level and help bolster
  growth in emerging solar power markets.
  • These systems provide a means to align the solar
  power supply with the demand for power.
  • They provide the ability to store excess energy at
  the most convenient or cost-effective times, and
  release power to critical power loads when
  required, thereby increasing efficiency and
  reducing wastage