لخّصلي

Inland waterway operations Inland waterway (IWW )operations are classified into four related categories: (1) infrastructure; (2) transport and operations; (3) transshipment operations; and (4) challenges influencing operations.3-Transshipment operations At the IWW terminals, handling operations at the quay are executed by multipurpose or dedicated container cranes.A brief discussion for every category here: 1- Inland waterway infrastructure operations Infrastructure operations refer to operations involved in designing, building, financing and maintaining IWW infrastructure.IWW infrastructure consists of rivers, canals, locks, bridges and intermodal terminals (both inland and deep sea) In general, the design and construction of rivers are not necessary as they already exist in nature.4- Inland waterway challenges influencing operations When looking towards the future of IWW operations, five main challenges have been identified: (1) sustainability, (2) climate change, (3) cost and price, (4) truck platooning and (5) information exchange.In terms of design, construction, finance and maintenance, terminal infrastructure is comparable with canals, locks and bridges.2-Inland waterway transport and terminal operations dry bulk transport and terminal operations can be characterised by regular transport flows and thus smooth operations.Transport and terminal operations in container transport are diverse in terms of origins, destinations and other variables.River maintenance is a crucial activity that is financed by public sources and managed by the Ministry of Transport.Liquid bulk loads consist mainly of oil and chemicals.

Inland waterway operations
Inland waterway (IWW )operations are classified into four related categories: (1) infrastructure; (2) transport and operations; (3) transshipment operations; and (4) challenges influencing operations. A brief discussion for every category here:
1- Inland waterway infrastructure operations
Infrastructure operations refer to operations involved in designing, building, financing and maintaining IWW infrastructure. IWW infrastructure consists of rivers, canals, locks, bridges and intermodal terminals (both inland and deep sea)
In general, the design and construction of rivers are not necessary as they already exist in nature. River maintenance is a crucial activity that is financed by public sources and managed by the Ministry of Transport. Canals, locks and bridges are also funded and managed in the same way. A lock is part of the infrastructure network and the skipper often needs to slow down (or sometimes wait) to pass a lock. The lock separates waterways due to a difference in water level or salinity (saltwater/freshwater). In terms of design, construction, finance and maintenance, terminal infrastructure is comparable with canals, locks and bridges. Terminals require regular finance and maintenance, while the design and construction of new terminals or the extension of existing ones is only needed now and then. The main difference is that terminals are not owned by the Ministry of Transport, but by private operators.

2-Inland waterway transport and terminal operations
dry bulk transport and terminal operations can be characterised by regular transport flows and thus smooth operations. The export of dry bulk flows often begins in the hinterland where dry bulk (e.g. coal, ores, grain) is loaded into a vessel and transported to a deep-sea port.
Liquid bulk operations often begin in the deep-sea port. Liquid bulk loads consist mainly of oil and chemicals. Deep-sea ships often arrive with large liquid bulk volumes at large deep-sea ports. Their freight is unloaded and stored in the port area.
Transport and terminal operations in container transport are diverse in terms of
origins, destinations and other variables.

3-Transshipment operations
At the IWW terminals, handling operations at the quay are executed by multipurpose or dedicated container cranes. For further handling and storage operations in the yard, different combinations of fixed and mobile equipment are used lead to different operation conditions at the terminal. In addition, the terminal has an office where planners and management are located. Next to the core handling and storage services of the terminal, other services (added value, container cleaning, end-haulage, etc.) can be offered.
4- Inland waterway challenges influencing operations
When looking towards the future of IWW operations, five main challenges have been
identified: (1) sustainability, (2) climate change, (3) cost and price, (4) truck
platooning and (5) information exchange.