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GENDER RELATIONSHIPS Women as forces of evil: Lady Macbeth and the three witches

• In the play, the three witches are called: instruments of evil, weird sisters, devil, darkness.(1) to make the audience feel pity for the tragic hero also fear him but not hatred (2) to make him a human (3) to show the inner conflict of the character
• Prose: is for commoners, low class, unimportant characters
• Blank Verse: is for upper class, important characters
• Shakespeare made the language expressive of his weakness, he also used imagery
• EVERY passage can be treated as a poem, all the rules of poetry can be applied in Shakespeare's passages especially, the soliloquy.- It's One of the important techniques Shakespeare used to reveal the inner conflict inside the character is soliloquy
• In Macbeth, we have 7 soliloquy
• The most important soliloquy is literature is ''to be or not to be that is the question'' said by Hamlet
• In Macbeth, after the suicide of his wife, ''to-morrow, and to- morrow, and to-morrow'' , to mourn her by a word
• There Is a quotation that is important, said by Macbeth
• Macbeth is so much different than the beginning of the play, the pain and the torture played a huge part in changing his character
• Why did Shakespeare used this technique?THE MERCHANT OF VENICE The type of the play: comedy The plot written in two mix dramatic storylines The sitting: two settings 1- Venice's scenes: the court, Shylock and his daughter, Antonio and Bassanio 2- Belmont's scenes: Portia and her father, the marriage between Portia and Bassanio.Disguise technique in ''The Merchant of Venice'': 1- Portia dressed as a man in order to gain the power of speech 2- Shylock's daughter used disguise to escape from her father to gain the power of freedom Shakespeare used this technique to: 1- Solve the problem 2- Advance the plot 3- Comic effect (women dressed as man make the audience laugh) 4- Expresses the theme of ''the idea of reality versus the appearance'', it appears that men are more intelligent, strong than women, but in reality Portia was strong and intelligent, smart enough to save Antonio and save the conflict.Symbolism: 1- One pound of flesh: Shylock asked for one pound of flesh and this symbolize:
• The religious conflict: between the Jews and Christians
• His own flesh, his daughter
• Revenge Shakespeare humanized the Jews in this play, which is Shylock by giving him reasons to be a villain:
• Christians started the hate.The technique of disguise: in Shakespeare's comedy, the disguise technique appears in mistaken identity.

GENDER RELATIONSHIPS
Women as forces of evil: Lady Macbeth and the three witches

• In the play, the three witches are called: instruments of evil, weird
  sisters, devil, darkness.


• Are they alike? No, Lady Macbeth shows some traces of goodness
  in her character, for example, (1) when she refused to kill the king
  because he resembled her father, (2) when she drinks wine to get
  strength at the night of the crime, (3) and most important, when she
  starts sleepwalking because of guilt, and then commits suicide


• The three witches are pure evil, they resemble the idea of fate in
  Greek and Roman.
  the Relationships: Reversed, abnormal, in the play women are
  masculine, they use manipulation or witch craft to do harm. Men use
  physical strength to do harm, meaning, women are indirect, for example,
  Lady Macbeth when she returns the dagger to the room.
  A Side and Soliloquy:
  Side: short – addressed to the audience
  Soliloquy: long – talk to one's self when no one is around and could be
  addressed to the audience.


• It's One of the important techniques Shakespeare used to reveal the
  inner conflict inside the character is soliloquy


• In Macbeth, we have 7 soliloquy


• The most important soliloquy is literature is ''to be or not to be that
  is the question'' said by Hamlet


• In Macbeth, after the suicide of his wife, ''to-morrow, and to-
  morrow, and to-morrow''
  , to mourn her by a word


• There Is a quotation that is important, said by Macbeth


• Macbeth is so much different than the beginning of the play, the
  pain and the torture played a huge part in changing his character


• Why did Shakespeare used this technique? (1) to make the
  audience feel pity for the tragic hero also fear him but not hatred
  (2) to make him a human (3) to show the inner conflict of the
  character


• Prose: is for commoners, low class, unimportant characters


• Blank Verse: is for upper class, important characters


• Shakespeare made the language expressive of his weakness, he
  also used imagery


• EVERY passage can be treated as a poem, all the rules of poetry
  can be applied in Shakespeare's passages especially, the soliloquy.
  THE MERCHANT OF VENICE
  The type of the play: comedy
  The plot written in two mix dramatic storylines
  The sitting: two settings
  1- Venice's scenes: the court, Shylock and his daughter, Antonio and
  Bassanio
  2- Belmont's scenes: Portia and her father, the marriage between
  Portia and Bassanio.
  The language: Blank verse is for important characters, and prose is for
  the low-class characters and unimportant scenes.
  Conflicts:
  1- The property versus human rights: it's the main conflict,
  Shylock used the law to take one pound of flesh, but it's a non-
  human thing
  2- Friendship versus self-interest: Antonio lends money from
  Shylock in order to help his friend.
  3- Love: Bassanio wants to marry Portia for her wealth (as an
  investment) and Portia wants to marry him out of love, that she
  even told him about the right casket by a letter.
  Symbolism:
  1- One pound of flesh: Shylock asked for one pound of flesh and this
  symbolize:


• The religious conflict: between the Jews and Christians


• His own flesh, his daughter


• Revenge
  Shakespeare humanized the Jews in this play, which is Shylock by
  giving him reasons to be a villain:


• Christians started the hate.


• While Shylock lend the money with interests, Antonio lends
  money without interests, thus he ruined Shylock's business.


• His own daughter ran away and married a servant, changed her
  religion to Christianity.
  2- The three caskets: in order to choose the right husband for his
  daughter, Portia's father made a test to those who wants to marry
  his daughter, choosing one of the three caskets:


• Gold: the outside of the blinged-out gold chest promises, ''who
  chooseth me shall gain what many men desires''
  . The inside
  contains a skull with a smug message: ''All that glisters is not gold''
  in other words, appearances are often deceiving, and human desire
  (for wealth, sex) can be dangerous.


• Sliver: the inscription on the outside of the silver chest reads: ''who
  chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves''. The inside contains
  a picture of an idiot with a note: ''So be gone: you are sped. / still
  more fool I shall appear / by the time I linger here / with one's
  fool's head I came to woo / but I go away with two'' in other words,
  whoever chooses the silver casket is a fool and he'll get what he
  deserves.


• Lead: finally, the lead chest, which is made of a very humble
  metal, seems to symbolize inner beauty and modesty, it contains a
  picture of Portia. The inscription is also significant: ''who chooseth
  me must give and hazard all he hath'' this is a pretty description of
  marriage, a big risk requires a lot of sacrifices.
  The technique of disguise: in Shakespeare's comedy, the disguise
  technique appears in mistaken identity. A twin, bot and girl, who look
  exactly the same, and people assumed the girl for her brother by mistake.
  This technique used by Shakespeare only in his comedy and never in his
  tragedy.
  Disguise technique in ''The Merchant of Venice'':
  1- Portia dressed as a man in order to gain the power of speech
  2- Shylock's daughter used disguise to escape from her father to
  gain the power of freedom
  Shakespeare used this technique to:
  1- Solve the problem
  2- Advance the plot
  3- Comic effect (women dressed as man make the audience laugh)
  4- Expresses the theme of ''the idea of reality versus the appearance'',
  it appears that men are more intelligent, strong than women, but in
  reality Portia was strong and intelligent, smart enough to save
  Antonio and save the conflict.
  Female in Shakespearean drama: Lady Macbeth as an example of a
  female in Shakespeare's tragedies has only one role in the play, which is a
  wife and a supporter to the hero. Tragedy is one-man show, and its nature
  suits the harsh and powerful nature of male.
  Portia as an example of a female in Shakespeare's comedies has many
  roles, a rich daughter, a lover, a wife, and a lawyer. Comedy suits the
  delicate soft-nature of female.
  Quotation; said by Shylock, this quotation said by Shylock when a
  character asked him why he insists on taking that one pound of flesh from
  Antonio. This quote represents the theme of the religious conflict in the
  play, and it's an example of how Shakespeare humanize the Jews. It also
  expresses the theme of the idea of reality versus appearance. While
  Shylock appears as violent, he is in reality, a human, in the end Shylock
  will be punished by losing his wealth as compensation to Antonio.
  Quotation: said by Portia, in the court room addressing Shylock in her
  speaking, the real character of Portia appears here, she is brave and
  intelligent.