لخّصلي

Internet of Things

The term 'Internet of Things' was initially coined by Kevin Ashton at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Autoll) Labs in 1999 (Kranz, 2017; Ramakrishnan & Gaur, 2019).Physical sensors (like) RFID tags, GPS, QR codes or light sensors) 'connect the unconnected' (Hanes et al., 2017, p. 21) to create smart devices that collect data and information for transmission over the Internet to a server (Wu et al., 2019).At the same time, these devices can be remotely controlled across the network to improve efficiency, accuracy, automation as well as introducing applications that these devices the 'things were previously not capable of (Hanes et al., 2017).It describes the linking of sensors embedded in previously non-networked devices, such as vehicles, household and consumer appliances, wearables, medical equipment, even entire buildings, wired or wirelessly, to the Internet (Romney et al., 2021).

Internet of Things

The term 'Internet of Things' was initially coined by Kevin Ashton at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Autoll) Labs in 1999 (Kranz, 2017; Ramakrishnan & Gaur, 2019). It describes the linking of sensors embedded in previously non-networked devices, such as vehicles, household and consumer appliances, wearables, medical equipment, even entire buildings, wired or wirelessly, to the Internet (Romney et al., 2021). Physical sensors (like) RFID tags, GPS, QR codes or light sensors) 'connect the unconnected' (Hanes et al., 2017, p. 21) to create smart devices that collect data and information for transmission over the Internet to a server (Wu et al., 2019). Networked devices can capture, process and com- municate data that can be transmitted to and used in AIS for planning, decision-making and control. At the same time, these devices can be remotely controlled across the network to improve efficiency, accuracy, automation as well as introducing applications that these devices the 'things were previously not capable of (Hanes et al., 2017). The IoT connects people, processes, data, machines and other objects on a hitherto unknown scale.

Whilst 1999 marked the emergence of the term "IoT", its application only started to take off in the latter half of the 2000s with technological advances in high-speed broadband and computational power (Hanes et al., 2017). Although an in-depth discussion of loT as a mul- tifaceted ecosystem of physical devices, nerworks and protocols is outside the scope of this chapter, smart devices beyond the ubiquitous smartphone have entered private households and businesses on a broad scale. Smart speakers, smart lightbulbs, smart fridges or virtual assistants like Amazon's Alexa or Microsoft's Cortana have become widely used. For AIS, the loT means both opportunities and challenges. The increased amount of data captured can improve data analytics and DSSs in real time, allowing, e.g., auditors to test

46