لخّصلي

This Biology 3201 Unit 1 review covers somatic cell reproduction, cancer, and reproductive cell formation. Somatic cell reproduction focuses on the cell cycle, mitosis, cytokinesis (differing in plants and animals), and key terms like chromosomes, chromatids, and centrioles. Cancer formation, causes, metastasis, and therapies (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy) are also examined. Reproductive cell formation details meiosis I and II, comparing it to mitosis, focusing on gamete formation (oogenesis and spermatogenesis), haploid/diploid differences, and the role of meiosis in genetic variation. Key terms like homologous chromosomes, tetrads, and synapsis are included. The review requires understanding of each phase of mitosis and meiosis, and the differences between these processes.

Biology 3201 Review Unit 1 Test 1

Topic 1 - Somatic Cell Reproduction:
What is the difference between a somatic cell and a germ cell?
Are somatic cells considered diploid or haploid?
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
What are the functions of mitosis and cytokinesis?
Identify and describe the mitotic phases. Include: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
Explain the differences in cytokinesis for plant and animal cells.
Be able to identify and define the following terms: chromosome, chromatin, sister chromatids, diploid, gene, allele, centrioles, spindle fibers, nuclear membrane, centromere, cleavage, cell plate

Topic 2 - Cancer and the Cell Cycle:
Know how cancer forms and what can be some potential causes of this.
Explain the difference between chemotherapy and radiation. Include: how it functions, when it is used, and common side effects.
What does it mean when cancer metastasizes?
Recognize examples of cancer therapies: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy.

Topic 3 - Formation of Reproductive Cells:
What type of cells do meiosis occur in?
Are gametes haploid or diploid? What does this mean?
Be able to identify and describe the phases of meiosis I and II. Including: Interphase, Prophase I/Prophase II, Metaphase I/Metaphase II, Anaphase I/Anaphase II, Telophase I/Telophase II
Be able to define the following terms: gamete, haploid, homologous chromosomes/tetrad, non-sister chromatids, synapsis.
How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
Compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Include: cell type, number of chromosomes, number of daughter cells, and genetic variation.
Describe and compare the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.