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Differences in Vocabulary
We can notice that men and women tend to choose different words to show their feelings. For example, when a woman is frightened, she usually shouts out, “I am frightened to death”! If you hear a man says this, you‟ll think he is a coward and womanish.
The differences in vocabulary can be shown in the following five aspects:
a. Color Words
There is special feminine vocabulary in English that men may not, dare not or will not use. Women are good at using color words that were borrowed from French to describe things, such as mauve, lavender aquamarine, azure and magenta, etc, but most men do not use them.
b. Adjectives
In our everyday life, we can notice that women like to use many adjective, such as adorable, charming, lovely, fantastic, heavenly, but men seldom use them. When a woman leaves a restaurant, she will say “It‟s a gorgeous meal”. If a man wants to express the same idea, he may only say, “It‟s a good meal.” Using more adjectives to describe things and their feelings can show that women are more sensitive to the environment and more likely to express their emotions with words, which makes women‟s language more interesting than men‟s sometimes.
c. Adverbs
There are also differences in the use of adverbs between men and women. Women tend to use such adverbs like awfully, pretty, terribly, vastly, quite, so; men like to use very, utterly, really. In 1992, Jespersen found that women use more so than men do, such as, “It was so interesting” is often uttered by a woman.
d. Swear words and Expletives
Maybe because women are gentle and docile, they usually avoid using swear words and dirty words. They believe that these kinds of words will not only make others uncomfortable and give an impression of “no civilization”, but also destroy the relationship between her and others. Women always pay more attention to the grace of themselves and their use of language. We rarely hear that women utter such words like “damn, fuck you, hell,” instead they use “oh, dear, my god” to express their feelings. Let us examine the following examples:
Woman: Dear me! Do you always get up so late? It‟s one o‟clock!
Man: Shit! The train is late again!
We can often here similar ways of expressing shock in every day life. Men tend to use more swear words than men. Women pay more attention to their manners and politeness of using language.
e. Diminutives
Women like to use words that have the meaning of “small”, such as bookie, hanky, panties. They also like to use words that show affections, such as dearie, sweetie. If a man often uses these words, people will think that he may have psychological problem or he is not manly.
Furthermore, women like to use words that show politeness, such as please, thanks, and they use more euphemism, but “slang” is considered to be men‟s preference.
From the study we can see that men and women have their own vocabulary choices in achieving emphatic effects. Though in the area of vocabulary, many of the studies have focused on English, we can not deny that sex differences in word choice exist in various other languages. People need to learn to make these distinctions in their childhood.
f. Pronouns
Women prefer to use first person plural pronouns when they suggest something, even when she suggests the other person, while men tend to use first person singular pronoun, and when he is suggesting the other person, he will directly use the second person pronoun.
Example: Women: We need to be in a hurry.
Men: You need to be quick