لخّصلي

Making notes is a skill that will help you to manage the information content of your
programme of study. Making notes is something that you will do in many different situations:
lectures; seminars; tutorials; reading a book or journal; surfing the Internet; watching television
or a video. It is a very important practical skill and your notes will help you to
• identify and understand key ideas.
• learn key ideas and information.
• keep a record of information for future use.
• prepare for examinations.
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The following table shows the difference between making notes and taking notes.
Making notes Taking notes
This involves making your own record of key
information and ideas.
You will use your own words. You may add
your own ideas or questions, or make links to
the work of others.
This involves copying information ‘word for
word’ from another source
e.g. tutor, book, handbook.
Used during lectures or reading. Used when copying specific information, for
example, advice on an assignment, details
about room changes.

1. Making Good Notes:
   During your university career you will make notes from a variety of sources, including
   lectures, books, and the Internet. Making good notes is about identifying and selecting relevant
   information.
   Think about why you are making notes.
   • Do you want an overview of the subject?
   • Do you want to record extremely detailed information?
   • Will you be sharing your notes with a friend?
   • Are you looking for a specific piece of information?
   This is important as it will affect how you make notes. There are different ways of making
   notes. You can
   • list main headings and topics – keyword notes.
   • draw a Mind Map.
   • copy out specific details, for example, a quotation from a book.
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   It is usually impracticable to try and copy all the information presented to you during a
   lecture. Instead, listen to what the lecturer is saying, read any visual aids, and make notes from
   your understanding. This will be a summary, the key points, or details about the original source.
   Spend some time after the lecture, or after you have finished reading an article, reviewing your
   notes. Ask yourself some questions.
   • Is there anything you can add?
   • Is there something that you might benefit from discussing with a fellow student?
   • Should you do some additional reading on the topic?
   To engage fully in the process of making good notes it is a good idea to ask questions within
   your notes and to consider the accuracy and relevance of what you are reading. Useful
   questions to start off this process include
   • so what?
   • how can this be verified?
   • how can this be backed-up?
   • do other researchers agree with this position?
   • what assumptions does the author make?
   Finally, you may find that in the early days of your study programme you make copious
   notes, but as you become more experienced you might make fewer, but more specific, ones.


2. What you should know when you make notes:
   • Start with background details, for example, lecture notes should include the module title,
   the date, the title of the lecture, and the lecturer.
   • Make sure you can read your notes.
   • Only use one side of the paper. This makes it easier to organise your notes for planning
   or revision.
   • Leave spaces for additional notes or comments.
   • Use arrows, symbols, diagrams. This will speed up the note-making process.
   • To help avoid unintentional plagiarism make notes in your own words. DO NOT COPY
   WORD-BY-WORD when making notes from books, journals, Internet.
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   • Try reading a relatively long section, CLOSE THE BOOK OR SWITCH OFF THE
   COMPUTER SCREEN, and then make the notes in your own words without looking at
   the original source. This checks your understanding and avoids intentional plagiarism.
   • Use highlighter pens or a colour-coding scheme to distinguish different sections of
   notes.
   • Notes should be concise, clear and consistent.
   • Review your notes.
   • File your notes – be organised. It is no good discovering two months later that you have
   lost them.


3. Working with Others:
   Some students find it helpful to work with others and to exchange notes and discuss their
   subject. This is a good idea as it improves learning and enables you to exchange and share ideas.
   A word of warning. Beware of collaborative working on assignments as this may lead to
   accusations of plagiarism. DO NOT work together as a group and produce a ‘model’ answer
   that you individually present in an assignment or exam. This type of collusion may lead to
   accusations of plagiarism or unfair means. The safest idea is to work collaboratively while you
   are learning a subject and to produce your assignments independently.


4. Referencing your Notes and Plagiarism:
   It is very important to keep full details of the information sources you use when making
   notes. You will need to include this information in your list of references. If you do not include
   this information in your assessed work then you may find that you fall foul of the code of
   practice on the use of unfair means. You should also keep your notes after you submit your
   work. They may be helpful in your defense if an accusation of plagiarism is made against you.
   In addition, you may find them helpful for revision as well as other learning and teaching
   activities