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Hypertension Hypertension is next in importance to dyslipidemia as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in increased arterial blood pressure.

Hypertension
Hypertension is next in importance to dyslipidemia as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in increased arterial blood pressure. Mitochondrial energy deficiency and calcium overload play a role in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension.121 Similarly, decrease in mitochondrial energy metabolism and abnormality of calcium metabolism was reported in hypertrophied myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats.122,123 Mitochondrial antioxidant system is also important in protection against hypertension because arterial blood pressure increased with aging or high-salt diet in SOD2-deficient mice.124 Mild respiratory uncoupling in arterial smooth muscle cells increased oxidative stress, hypertension, and dietary atherosclerosis in mice.80 Recently, it was shown that a mutation in mitochondrial tRNA results in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia.125 Because cholesterol concentration and blood pressure increase at approximately 30 years of age in these patients, it is hypothesized that this gene mutation interacts with environmental or age-related decline in mitochondrial function in the development of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.126 Together, these findings indicate a potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in hypertension