لخّصلي

Cereal grains are staple foods consumed all over the world, which mainly refer to wheat, rice, maize, barley, rye, oats, millets, and sorghum (Paul, Radhakrishnan, Anandakumar, Shanmugasundaram, & Anandharamakrishnan, 2020).This insect is unable to feed on the intact grains but causes considerable loss of flour weight, which is a significant economic problem (Shafique et al., 2006; Ali et al., 2009; Almasi and PoslonA?ec, 2014).(6)However, after harvesting, wheat is exposed to several agents during storage that may alter its quality and quantity and render it unsuitable for human consumption by the time it reaches the consumer.(2) pest infestation has always been a knotty problem and thus comprises a serious threat to global food security.(3) Every year million tons of nuts and cereals in warehouses are damaged due to warehouse pests attack.Tribolium castaneum Herbst 1797 (Coleoptera: Tenebrio dae), is a cosmopolitan and serious pest of cereal grains and their products.

Cereal grains are staple foods consumed all over the world, which mainly refer to wheat, rice, maize, barley, rye, oats, millets, and sorghum (Paul, Radhakrishnan, Anandakumar, Shanmugasundaram, & Anandharamakrishnan, 2020). After harvest, dried cereal grains are often stored for a relatively long time before use. Notably, cereal grains suffer a serious threat derived by pest infestation during postharvest storage, causing massive losses.(1)
Wheat is used in several food industries. Generally, it is stored until exported, sold, or used for consumption. However, after harvesting, wheat is exposed to several agents during storage that may alter its quality and quantity and render it unsuitable for human consumption by the time it reaches the consumer.(2)
pest infestation has always been a knotty problem and thus comprises a serious threat to global food security.(3)
Every year million tons of nuts and cereals in warehouses are damaged due to warehouse pests attack. Warehouse pests impose many disadvantages in terms of the quantity, quality and health of stored products, through the presence of alive pests and chemical disposals of their bodies(4)
The damage caused by agricultural pests is one that is devastating. On a global scale, the losses caused by pests in arable crops account for about 10%–15% of the total yield value)5)
The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) is one of the main pests infecting cereals and causes damage to stored grains. Many pests, including beetles, are susceptible to infection by naturally occurring insect-pathogenic fungi (entomopathogenic fungi). Tribolium castaneum Herbst 1797 (Coleoptera: Tenebrio dae), is a cosmopolitan and serious pest of cereal grains and their products. This insect is unable to feed on the intact grains but causes considerable loss of flour weight, which is a significant economic problem (Shafique et al., 2006; Ali et al., 2009; Almaši and Poslončec, 2014).(6)