لخّصلي

Obligatory obstruent errors are produced in the cor- rect way except for the required closure of the VP port.

Obligatory obstruent errors are produced in the cor- rect way except for the required closure of the VP port.

A child with a repaired cleft palate and VPI may produce the correct articulatory placement for a "d," with the tongue tip properly placed at the front of the palate, immediately behind the upper front teeth.

The VPI results in air leakage through the VP port, which prevents the proper buildup of oral pressure within the vocal tract.

The resulting obstruent speech sound is weak, possibly sounding somewhat like a nasal of the same place of articulation.

The sound may also be perceived as a more complex error because there is audible nasal emission of air during the attempt to produce the stop.

In this case, the sound has stop-like characteristics but is not heard as correct due to the nasal emission.

Audible nasal emission is the result of air rushing through the nasal cavities as a result of VPI. Speech sound errors such as these are called obligatory because even with correct positioning of the articulators, other than the soft palate and pharyngeal walls, the sound is obligated to be produced as an error because of the VPI.