لخّصلي

ﺘ ﺒ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ) ASTM ( ﺎـﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻤ ﺩﺍﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻠﺼ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﻤ ) ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴ ﻪﺒﺸ ( ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨ ﻅـﻠﻐﻤ لـﻤﺎﻋ ﻊـﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﻟﺯﺘ لﺌﺎﺴ ﺝﺯﻤ ) Thickening agent ( ﻯﺭـﺨﺃ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ ﻊﻤ additives ﻀـﻤ ﻡﺤﺸـﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﻭـﺨ ﺭـﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟ ﺔﻓﺎ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ] [Hobson G. ﺘﺘ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺤﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻴﻟﺯﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭ ﻲﻁﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﻴﺯ ، ﺭﻴﻁﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺒﺘﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨ ﻲﺌﻴﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻱﻭﺠﻟﺍ P ، ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ) 70 – 95 ( % ﻊﻨﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺯﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴﻭ ﻡﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺫ ﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻭ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻟ ، لﺜﻤ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﻁﻤ ﺔﻅﻠﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ، ﻪﺒﺸ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻠﺼ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻟﻭﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴ ، ﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺼﺍﻭﺨ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﺍﺩ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺌ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻟﺍ ﺒ ﺏﻭﻏﺭﻤ ﺎﻬ Sebenik R. ﻨﺼﺘ ﻕﻴﻟﺯﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﺤﺸ ﻑ ﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﻅﻠﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﺓ ] [Hobson G. ﻭ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﹰﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﺭﻐﻟﺍ ) 1 ( ﻟ ﻡﺤﺸﻠ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻐﺸ لﻴ ) 2 ( ﻴﺒﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻥ لﻭﺩﺠﻟﺍ ) 1 ( ؛ ﺒ ﻕـﻴﻟﺯﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﺤﺸﻟ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ The National Lubricating Grease Institute ( ] Johnson M. 2008 [ . لﻭﺩﺠﻟﺍ ) 1 ( ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﻭﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ) NLGI (

ﺘ ﺒ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ) ASTM ( ﺎـﻬﻨﺄﺒ
ﻤ ﺩﺍﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻠﺼ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﻤ ) ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴ ﻪﺒﺸ ( ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨ ﻅـﻠﻐﻤ لـﻤﺎﻋ ﻊـﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﻟﺯﺘ لﺌﺎﺴ ﺝﺯﻤ
) Thickening agent ( ﻯﺭـﺨﺃ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ ﻊﻤ additives ﻀـﻤ ﻡﺤﺸـﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﻭـﺨ ﺭـﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟ ﺔﻓﺎ
ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ] [Hobson G.d., et al., 1975 .

ﺘﺘ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺤﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻴﻟﺯﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭ ﻲﻁﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﻴﺯ ، ﺔـﻴﻨﻴﺠﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﺤﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﺯﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺭﻴﻁﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺒﺘﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨ ﻲﺌﻴﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻱﻭﺠﻟﺍ P ، ﺕـﻴﺯ لﻜﺸـﻴ
ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ) 70 – 95 ( % ﻊﻨﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺯﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴﻭ
ﻡﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺫ ﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻭ ﺔﺠﻭﺯﻟ ، ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ﻪـﻠﻌﺠﺘ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ
لﺜﻤ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﻁﻤ ﺔﻅﻠﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ، ﻭ ﻲﻫ ـﻏ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻕﻴﻟﺯﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﻱﻭﺭ
ﻪﺒﺸ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻠﺼ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻟﻭﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﺴ ، ﻭ ﺘﺒﺴﻨ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬ ) 7-30 ( % ﻡﺤﺸـﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻥـﻤ
ﻊﻨﺼﻤﻟﺍ . ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ ﻡﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ) ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻜ ﺃﺩﺼﻟﺍﻭ لﻜﺂﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﺔﻌﻨﺎﻤ ( ﻑﺩﻬﺒ
ﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺼﺍﻭﺨ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﺍﺩ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺌ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻟﺍ ﺒ ﺏﻭﻏﺭﻤ ﺎﻬ Sebenik R. F., et al., 2005]
[Bartels T., et al., 2005; .

ﻨﺼﺘ ﻕﻴﻟﺯﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﺤﺸ ﻑ ﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﻅﻠﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﺓ ] [Hobson G.d., et al., 1975
ﻭ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﹰﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﺭﻐﻟﺍ ) 1 ( ﻟ ﻡﺤﺸﻠ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻐﺸ لﻴ ) 2 ( ﻴﺒﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻥ لﻭﺩﺠﻟﺍ ) 1 ( ؛ ﻙـﻟﺫﻭ
ﺒ ﻕـﻴﻟﺯﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﺤﺸﻟ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ The National Lubricating Grease Institute
) NLGI .( ] Johnson M., 2008 [ .

لﻭﺩﺠﻟﺍ ) 1 ( ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﻭﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ) NLGI (