لخّصلي

To measure the speed of sound with the help of sound wave resonance in air column inside the tube with one end closed.INTRODUCTION A sine wave generator drives an open speaker to create a standing sound wave in a resonance tube.As the length of the active part of the tube is increased, the sound becomes loud at each successive node and quiet at the antinodes.If the tube is resonating at a particular fixed frequency, the tube will resonate low, where the curved lines represent the velocity profile of the air in the tube.The driving frequency and the length of the tube are varied to study their relationship to wavelength and the speed of the sound wave.The concepts of nodes, anti-nodes, and harmonics are investigated for both closed and open tubes.The number of nodes is related the wavelength and the harmonic.

To measure the speed of sound with the help of sound wave resonance in air column inside the tube with one end closed.

INTRODUCTION
A sine wave generator drives an open speaker to create a standing sound wave in a resonance tube. The driving frequency and the length of the tube are varied to study their relationship to wavelength and the speed of the sound wave. The concepts of nodes, anti-nodes, and harmonics are investigated for both closed and open tubes.

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THEORY
A resonating tube with one end open and the other end closed will always have a node at the closed end and an anti-node at the open end. A node represents an area where the velocity of the air is a minimum (zero), and an anti-node represents an area where the velocity of the air is a maximum. If the tube is resonating at a particular fixed frequency, the tube will resonate low, where the curved lines represent the velocity profile of the air in the tube.
As the length of the active part of the tube is increased, the sound becomes loud at each successive node and quiet at the antinodes. Note that the distance between the nodes is 1⁄2 λ.
For all types of waves, the frequency (f) and the wavelength (λ) are related to the speed (v) of the wave as given by Equation 1.
• v=λf (1)

THEORY
• A resonating tube with both ends open will always have an anti-node at both ends, and at least one node in between. The number of nodes is related the wavelength and the harmonic. The first harmonic (or fundamental) has one node, the second harmonic has two, etc., as shown here. For a tube of fixed length, at higher harmonics, the frequency is higher and