Lakhasly

What is FM?Source :- https://blog.myrank.co.in/ at 4-10-2018

Reasons making these applications use FM instead of other types of modulation:-

FM in radio Frequency Modulation (FM) :- Has higher bandwidth with better sound quality

          Frequency Modulation (FM) :- is Less susceptible to noise 

         Radar FM in medicine 

Micropower continuous wave FM radar is a reliable, robust, inexpensive, and harmless tool for real-time monitoring of the cardiac and respiratory rates.Frequency modulation is a technique or a process of encoding information on a particular signal (analogue or digital) by varying the carrier wave frequency in accordance with the frequency of the modulating signal.Source:- https://byjus.com/ Commercial applications of FM in real life:-

  1- radar and seismic prospecting, EEG monitoring of new-born's etc.Source :- 

Medical Applications of Microwave Imaging, edited by Larsen L. E. and Jacobi J. H. (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1986)Additionally, some of its uses are also found in radar, telemetry, seismic prospecting and in EEG, different radio systems, music synthesis as well as in video-transmission instruments.The antennae for FM systems need to be close by whereas AM systems can communicate with other systems throughout the world by reflecting signals off the ionosphere.This is done with the assistance of a filter that removes signal of wavelength greater than that of the transmitted signal thereby removing the noise.A higher frequency deviation means that the baseband signal can be easily retrieved from the FM signals, whereas less deviation means it is harder to separate the data from the noise.o FM systems work using a line of sight propagation whereas AM systems use skywave probagation Consequently, the receiving area of an FM system is much smaller than that of an AM system.Much like in amplitude modulation, frequency modulation also has a similar approach where a carrier signal is modulated by the input signal.In FM systems, the power of the transmitted signal is proportional to the amplitude of the unmodulated carrier signal and it is constant.Whereas in the case of FM signal, the adjacent FM channels are separated by guard bands which results in very little interference between adjacent FM channels.o In an FM system, there is an infinite number of sidebands resulting in a theoretical bandwidth of an FM signal being infinite.also use the technique of frequency modulation 2- Frequency modulation can be used for the broadcasting of FM radio.Differences between the presented approach and other types of radars used for biomedical applications are discussed.As we know, a modulating signal is nothing but information or message that has to be transmitted after being converted into an electronic signal.If we talk about the applications of frequency modulation, it is mostly used in radio broadcasting.It offers a great advantage in radio transmission as it has a larger signal-to-noise ratio.Advantages of FM as compared to amplitude modulation(FM):- o The amplitude of an FM wave remains constant over time.o In FM systems, the frequency deviation of the signal is related to the noise ratio.In AM systems, the only method of reducing noise in the transmission is the increase in the transmitted power of the signal.This seriously increases the occurrence of interference of AM radio station unless one signal is strong enough to overpower the other.Disadvantages of FM as compared to amplitude modulation(FM):- o The equipment needed for FM and AM systems is different.This bandwidth is limited by Carson's rule but it is still much larger than that of an AM system.3- It is also used in music synthesis, some systems that use video-transmission and also for magnetic tape-recording systems.However, in the case of FM, the amplitude of the modulated signal is kept or it remains constant.This is the main reason that many radio stations use FM to broadcast music over the radio.This allows the encoders and decoders the freedom to remove the noise from the received signal.Since the AM signal transferred information using the amplitude, the envelope of the waveform cannot be altered.o In AM systems, the power consumption for signal transmission is higher when compared to FM systems.When MA reaches unity, the power consumption is 100%.The equipment cost of an FM channel is more since the equipment is much more complex and involves complicated circuitry.In an AM system, the bandwidth is only twice the modulation frequency.Meaning, it results in low radio frequency interference.

What is FM?
Frequency modulation is a technique or a process of encoding information on a particular signal (analogue or digital) by varying the carrier wave frequency in accordance with the frequency of the modulating signal. As we know, a modulating signal is nothing but information or message that has to be transmitted after being converted into an electronic signal.
Much like in amplitude modulation, frequency modulation also has a similar approach where a carrier signal is modulated by the input signal. However, in the case of FM, the amplitude of the modulated signal is kept or it remains constant.
If we talk about the applications of frequency modulation, it is mostly used in radio broadcasting. It offers a great advantage in radio transmission as it has a larger signal-to-noise ratio. Meaning, it results in low radio frequency interference. This is the main reason that many radio stations use FM to broadcast music over the radio.
Additionally, some of its uses are also found in radar, telemetry, seismic prospecting and in EEG, different radio systems, music synthesis as well as in video-transmission instruments.
Advantages of FM as compared to amplitude modulation(FM):-
• The amplitude of an FM wave remains constant over time. This allows the encoders and decoders the freedom to remove the noise from the received signal. This is done with the assistance of a filter that removes signal of wavelength greater than that of the transmitted signal thereby removing the noise. FM systems are noise immune systems. Since the AM signal transferred information using the amplitude, the envelope of the waveform cannot be altered.
• In AM systems, the power consumption for signal transmission is higher when compared to FM systems. In AM systems, the power depends on the modulation index also called ‘MA’. When MA reaches unity, the power consumption is 100%. In FM systems, the power of the transmitted signal is proportional to the amplitude of the unmodulated carrier signal and it is constant. Therefore FM is usually more power-efficient than AM systems.
• In FM systems, the frequency deviation of the signal is related to the noise ratio. A higher frequency deviation means that the baseband signal can be easily retrieved from the FM signals, whereas less deviation means it is harder to separate the data from the noise. In AM systems, the only method of reducing noise in the transmission is the increase in the transmitted power of the signal. This increases the cost of operation of the AM system.
• In an AM system, there is no guard band in between two adjacent channels. This seriously increases the occurrence of interference of AM radio station unless one signal is strong enough to overpower the other. Whereas in the case of FM signal, the adjacent FM channels are separated by guard bands which results in very little interference between adjacent FM channels.

Disadvantages of FM as compared to amplitude modulation(FM):-
• The equipment needed for FM and AM systems is different. The equipment cost of an FM channel is more since the equipment is much more complex and involves complicated circuitry. As a result FM systems are costlier than AM systems.
• FM systems work using a line of sight propagation whereas AM systems use skywave probagation Consequently, the receiving area of an FM system is much smaller than that of an AM system. The antennae for FM systems need to be close by whereas AM systems can communicate with other systems throughout the world by reflecting signals off the ionosphere.
• In an FM system, there is an infinite number of sidebands resulting in a theoretical bandwidth of an FM signal being infinite. This bandwidth is limited by Carson’s rule but it is still much larger than that of an AM system. In an AM system, the bandwidth is only twice the modulation frequency. This is another reason why FM systems are costlier than AM systems.
Source:-
https://byjus.com/
Commercial applications of FM in real life:-

  1- radar and seismic prospecting, EEG monitoring of new-born’s etc. also use the        technique of frequency modulation

  2- Frequency modulation can be used for the broadcasting of FM radio. This helps in larger signal to noise ratio.

  3- It is also used in music synthesis, some systems that use video-transmission and also for magnetic tape-recording systems.

Source :-
https://blog.myrank.co.in/ at 4-10-2018

Reasons making these applications use FM instead of other types of modulation:-

FM in radio
Frequency Modulation (FM) :- Has higher bandwidth with better sound quality

          Frequency Modulation (FM) :- is Less susceptible to noise 



         Radar FM in medicine 

Micropower continuous wave FM radar is a reliable, robust, inexpensive, and harmless tool for real-time monitoring of the cardiac and respiratory rates. Additionally, it opens a range of new and exciting opportunities in diagnostic and critical care medicine. Differences between the presented approach and other types of radars used for biomedical applications are discussed.
Source :-
Medical Applications of Microwave Imaging, edited by Larsen L. E. and Jacobi J. H. (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1986)