Online English Summarizer tool, free and accurate!
Mechanisms of NET formation
Although neutrophils are transcriptionally active cells, most of their DNA is transcriptionally inactive and condensed into heterochromatin within the nucleus. DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes and further organized into chromatin. Heterochromatin decondensation is mediated by peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), which catalyzes the conversion of histone arginines to citrullines, reducing the strong positive charge of histones and consequently weakening histone-DNA binding. This weakened interaction subsequently unwraps the nucleosomes, a prerequisite for NET formation (ref. 3 and Figure 1). Spikes in intracellular Ca2+ are important for propagating intracellular signal transduction during physiological neutrophil activation (4), and PAD4 is activated by Ca2+ (5). PAD4-deficient mice are unable to form NETs in response to physiological activators such as bacteria (6, 7). Thus, deimination of histones may be regarded as a sine qua non for NET formation in vivo.
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is JCI84538.f1.jpg
Figure 1
NET formation.
In activated neutrophils PAD4 citrullinates certain histone arginines, and the tight electrostatic binding between histones and DNA in nucleosomes is weakened. Nuclear and granule membranes are dissolved. Decondensed DNA with citrullinated histones and granule proteins meet and are expelled from the neutrophil as NETs that may ensnare and possibly kill microbes. The surface membrane reseals and leaves a viable anuclear neutrophil behind. Cit, citrulline.
Mechanisms of NET formation
Although neutrophils are transcriptionally active cells, most of their DNA is transcriptionally inactive and condensed into heterochromatin within the nucleus. DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes and further organized into chromatin. Heterochromatin decondensation is mediated by peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), which catalyzes the conversion of histone arginines to citrullines, reducing the strong positive charge of histones and consequently weakening histone-DNA binding. This weakened interaction subsequently unwraps the nucleosomes, a prerequisite for NET formation (ref. 3 and Figure 1). Spikes in intracellular Ca2+ are important for propagating intracellular signal transduction during physiological neutrophil activation (4), and PAD4 is activated by Ca2+ (5). PAD4-deficient mice are unable to form NETs in response to physiological activators such as bacteria (6, 7). Thus, deimination of histones may be regarded as a sine qua non for NET formation in vivo.
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is JCI84538.f1.jpg
Figure 1
NET formation.
In activated neutrophils PAD4 citrullinates certain histone arginines, and the tight electrostatic binding between histones and DNA in nucleosomes is weakened. Nuclear and granule membranes are dissolved. Decondensed DNA with citrullinated histones and granule proteins meet and are expelled from the neutrophil as NETs that may ensnare and possibly kill microbes. The surface membrane reseals and leaves a viable anuclear neutrophil behind. Cit, citrulline.
Summarize English and Arabic text using the statistical algorithm and sorting sentences based on its importance
You can download the summary result with one of any available formats such as PDF,DOCX and TXT
ٌYou can share the summary link easily, we keep the summary on the website for future reference,except for private summaries.
We are working on adding new features to make summarization more easy and accurate
Being a leader is about having influence of people & environment around you. Leadership is about mot...
في عام 2000 كانت قيمة الشركة السوقية بفضل هذه الابتكارات 135 مليار دولار. في عام 2010 كانت قيمة الش...
في العشرينات، طرأ تبدل في عقلية الملقي والمتلقي وفقاً لتطور الفكر الانساني وأبداعات العاملين في مجال...
وتظهر الإساءة النفسية المستمرة للطفل من خلال إظهار الرفض أو العزل والتخويف والسخرية والمقارنة بالآخر...
قائمة الدخل لها مجموعة من الأهداف منها انها تحدد نتيجة نشاط الشركة خلال الفترة المالية وتحديد اسباب ...
إذا رأيت طائر الطاووس أولاً : - فأنت شخص مثالي للغاية ولديك أحلام كبيرة ومشاهد نادرة تدور في عقلك وغ...
كلّفَ الله عبادَه بالعديد من الطاعات، ومعلومٌ أنّ التكليف لا يخلو من المَشقّة، خاصّةً عند المداومة ع...
وبناء على هذه النتائج أكد الباحثون أن بيئة العمل تؤثر في الموظفين تأثيرا كبيرا، فيما تساعد أماكن الع...
في أعقاب أزمة السويس ، وجدت بريطانيا وفرنسا تأثيرها الضعيف في القوى العالمية . بدأت الحرب التي خاضته...
~لا توهموها بالوعود وترحلوا.... فلربما كتب الرحيل شتاتها ... ولربما تبكي القلوبُ وتشتكي إن فاتها برح...
Database: organised collection of logically related data 🞭 Data: stored representations of meaningf...
يُعرف الانتماء لغةً بانه الانتساب إلى شيء ما . ويقال نمى فلانا الى فلان أي انتسب اليه. و يعرف الانتم...