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Introduction o Computers are good only as: 1.Good Users
Programmers have three resources that they need to optimize for cost effectiveness: 1.Communicating with the Computer o Since the computer does not speak English as you do, you have to learn its system of communication or language.Good Hardware 2.Good Software 3.programmer time.computer memory 2.computer time 3.?
Introduction
• Computers are good only as:
Programmers have three resources that they need to optimize for cost effectiveness:
❛ Communicating with the Computer
• Since the computer does not speak English as you do, you have to learn its system of communication or language.
• For the computer to “understand’’ a message, its system of communication requires instructions governed by specific rules. ❜
❛ Communicating with the Computer
• The differences between instructions from one language and another are in how they are set up (Syntax).
• Syntax refers to the rules governing the computer operating system, the language, and the application.
• An error is called a bug.
• A bug must be found and corrected, a process called debugging.
❛Communicating with the Computer
• Many bugs are a result of syntax errors, but some are logic errors.
• You can find and correct most logic errors during the problem-solving process.
• You will find and correct syntax errors when you enter your program into the computer. ❜
Organizing the Solution
❛ Analyzing the Problem
• good way to analyze a problem is to separate it into four parts,
Developing the Interactivity Chart
• The next step in organizing your solution is to divide the processing into subtasks called modules.
• and then to connect these modules together to show the interaction of processing between the modules.
• There will be one module that controls the flow to most of the other modules. This will be called the Control or Main module.
Developing the IPO Chart
• The IPO (input-processing-output) chart extends and organises the information in the problem analysis chart.
• The IPO chart has four sections: the Input, the Processing, the Module Reference, and the Output
Writing the Algorithms
• After using the structure chart and the IPO chart
• The next step in organizing a solution is for the programmer to develop sets of instructions for the computer, called algorithms.
Drawing the Flowcharts
• From the algorithms the programmer develops the flowcharts, graphic representations of the algorithms.
• The algorithms and the flowcharts are the final steps in organizing a solution.
Rules for Drawing Flowcharts
Pseudocode
• Pseudocode is similar to the algorithm without the numbers and somewhat condensed.
• The pseudocode for the Payroll problem is given on the right hand side of the flowcharts.
Internal and External Documentation
• Internal documentation consists of remarks written with the instructions to explain what is being done in the program.
• External documentation is made up of the manuals or help menus written about the solution.
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