Lakhasly

Learning Objectives o Describe how cells of the innate immune response detect and respond to a threat.Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) PAMP or DAMP Infection or cell type 1 Infection or cell type 2 Infection or cell type 3 Recognition is structurally, specific but what is recognized is common to whole groups of organisms or host cells.o Discuss the role of the cellular and molecular components of innate immunity.o Contrast acute and chronic inflammation.o Outline the acute phase response.

Learning Objectives
• Describe how cells of the innate immune response detect and respond to a threat.
• Outline the acute phase response.
• Contrast acute and chronic inflammation.
• Discuss the role of the cellular and molecular components of innate immunity.

Recognition of a threat – infection, toxins, tissue damage
Activation of innate immune cells and the complement system
Production of cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and defensins Upregulation of cell adhesion molecules
Recruitment of cells to the site of infection or tissue damage
Elimination of the stimulus Resolution of the response Tissue repair

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)
PAMP or DAMP
Infection or cell type 1
cular patterns
ular patterns
Infection or cell type 2
Infection or cell type 3
PRR recognize:
• Infectious agents:
Pathogen-associated mole (PAMPs)
• Host:
Damage-associated molec
(DAMPs)
Hajir Al Saihat.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)
PAMP or DAMP
Infection or cell type 1
Infection or cell type 2
Infection or cell type 3
Recognition is structurally, specific but what is recognized is common to whole groups of organisms or host cells.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)
PRR can be:
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Intracellular
(either endosomal or cytosolic)
Cell surface
Soluble (secreted)

PRRs which Recognize PAMPs
PRR
PAMP
Endosomal
TLR3 (toll-like receptor 3)
Viral double-stranded RNA
TLR7 and TLR8
Viral single-stranded RNA
TLR9
Bacterial unmethylated CpG DNA
Cytosolic
NOD-1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization, domain containing protein-1) and NOD-2
Bacterial peptidoglycan
RIG-1 (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1)
Viral double-stranded RNA
NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) (inflammasome)
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

PRRs which Recognize PAMPs
PRR
PAMP
Cell surface
TLR2
Bacterial lipopeptides and lipoproteins
TLR4
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
TLR5
Bacterial flagellin
Soluble
Mannose binding lectin
Mannose
Ficolin
N-acetylglucosamine

PRRs which Recognize DAMPs
PRR
DAMP
Cell surface
RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts)
Advanced glycation endproducts
RAGE, TLR2, TLR4
HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1)
Cytosolic inflammasome
NLRP3
Uric acid

Signaling from Cell Surface PRR
PRR
PAMP
IκB degradation IκB
TAK1
MyD88