Lakhasly

Online English Summarizer tool, free and accurate!

Summarize result (60%)

‏When a claim is made, especially publicly, it ‏is natural to think we are being told the truth. ‏Most of the time we accept claims, especially ‏claims to fact, at face value. For instance, if ‏we read in the newspaper that there has been ‏a plane crash, we are entitled to assume that ‏such an event really has taken place. We ‏don't jump to the conclusion that the ‏statement is false just because we have not ‏witnessed it ourselves. We hear the football ‏results, or baseball scores, and assume they ‏are correct, and not made up to please the ‏fans of some clubs. We get a weather forecast ‏telling us to expect heavy snow, and we plan ‏accordingly: we don't ignore it just because it ‏is a prediction, and predictions aren't facts. ‏Assuming that most of what we are told is ‏true is entirely reasonable. Indeed, it is ‏necessary for a normal life, and the ‏functioning of a modern democratic society ‏If we questioned, or refused to believe, ‏everything we read or heard, life as we know ‏it would come to a standstill. That is why we ‏all have a responsibility to tell the truth; and ‏why people are understandably annoyed if ‏they are told something that is not true. ‏Everyone knows the story of The Boy Who ‏Cried 'Wolf!' or a story like it. The boy has a ‏bad habit of raising false alarms, in particular ‏frightening his community by shouting out ‏that a pack of wolves is approaching the ‏village. At first the villagers run to safety ‏whenever he does this. But after a while they ‏stop believing him, until the day comes when ‏a real wolf appears. By then, of course, the ‏boy has lost all credibility and his for-once ‏genuine warning is ignored. (You can work ‏out the ending yourself.) ‏The moral of the story is that truth and ‏trust are both important. People need to be ‏able to rely on what they are told most of the ‏time; and people who speak the truth need ‏others to believe them most of the time. But ‏that does not mean we should respond with ‏blind acceptance to everything that we read ‏and hear. Obviously we cannot assume that ‏just because something has been asserted - in ‏spoken, printed or any other form - it is true, ‏or we have to agree with it. People do make ‏false assertions not only with intent to ‏deceive, but also out of carelessness or ‏ignorance. Even when there is a core of truth ‏in what someone says, it may be exaggerated ‏or over-simplified, or a mere approximation ‏or a rough guess. There are many ways, ‏besides being plainly false, in which a claim ‏may be less than the whole truth ‏None of this means that we should start ‏routinely doubting everything. But it does ‏mean we should keep an open and inquisitive ‏mind ‏Justification ‏As you saw in the previous chapter, it is not ‏always possible to know whether a claim is ‏straightforwardly true or false. Knowledge ‏requires certainty and certainties are rare. In ‏the absence of certainty, the best evaluation ‏we can give of a claim or belief is to say ‏whether it is justified, or warranted. These two ‏words mean much the same as each other. A ‏warrant is a right or entitlement. We are ‏entitled to hold a belief, or to make a claim, if ‏there are strong grounds - for example ‏evidence to support it. Without such ‏grounds a claim is unwarranted (unjustified)


Original text

‏When a claim is made, especially publicly, it
‏is natural to think we are being told the truth.
‏Most of the time we accept claims, especially
‏claims to fact, at face value. For instance, if
‏we read in the newspaper that there has been
‏a plane crash, we are entitled to assume that
‏such an event really has taken place. We
‏don't jump to the conclusion that the
‏statement is false just because we have not
‏witnessed it ourselves. We hear the football
‏results, or baseball scores, and assume they
‏are correct, and not made up to please the
‏fans of some clubs. We get a weather forecast
‏telling us to expect heavy snow, and we plan
‏accordingly: we don't ignore it just because it
‏is a prediction, and predictions aren't facts.
‏Assuming that most of what we are told is
‏true is entirely reasonable. Indeed, it is
‏necessary for a normal life, and the
‏functioning of a modern democratic society
‏If we questioned, or refused to believe,
‏everything we read or heard, life as we know
‏it would come to a standstill. That is why we
‏all have a responsibility to tell the truth; and
‏why people are understandably annoyed if
‏they are told something that is not true.
‏Everyone knows the story of The Boy Who
‏Cried 'Wolf!' or a story like it. The boy has a
‏bad habit of raising false alarms, in particular
‏frightening his community by shouting out
‏that a pack of wolves is approaching the
‏village. At first the villagers run to safety
‏whenever he does this. But after a while they
‏stop believing him, until the day comes when
‏a real wolf appears. By then, of course, the
‏boy has lost all credibility and his for-once
‏genuine warning is ignored. (You can work
‏out the ending yourself.)
‏The moral of the story is that truth and
‏trust are both important. People need to be
‏able to rely on what they are told most of the
‏time; and people who speak the truth need
‏others to believe them most of the time. But
‏that does not mean we should respond with
‏blind acceptance to everything that we read
‏and hear. Obviously we cannot assume that
‏just because something has been asserted - in
‏spoken, printed or any other form - it is true,
‏or we have to agree with it. People do make
‏false assertions not only with intent to
‏deceive, but also out of carelessness or
‏ignorance. Even when there is a core of truth
‏in what someone says, it may be exaggerated
‏or over-simplified, or a mere approximation
‏or a rough guess. There are many ways,
‏besides being plainly false, in which a claim
‏may be less than the whole truth
‏None of this means that we should start
‏routinely doubting everything. But it does
‏mean we should keep an open and inquisitive
‏mind
‏Justification
‏As you saw in the previous chapter, it is not
‏always possible to know whether a claim is
‏straightforwardly true or false. Knowledge
‏requires certainty and certainties are rare. In
‏the absence of certainty, the best evaluation
‏we can give of a claim or belief is to say
‏whether it is justified, or warranted. These two
‏words mean much the same as each other. A
‏warrant is a right or entitlement. We are
‏entitled to hold a belief, or to make a claim, if
‏there are strong grounds - for example
‏evidence to support it. Without such
‏grounds a claim is unwarranted (unjustified)


Summarize English and Arabic text online

Summarize text automatically

Summarize English and Arabic text using the statistical algorithm and sorting sentences based on its importance

Download Summary

You can download the summary result with one of any available formats such as PDF,DOCX and TXT

Permanent URL

ٌYou can share the summary link easily, we keep the summary on the website for future reference,except for private summaries.

Other Features

We are working on adding new features to make summarization more easy and accurate


Latest summaries

السلا السلام ع...

السلا السلام عليكم متابعين الكرام معكم السيد والنهاردة هبتدي معاكم كورس مهم جدا جدا وهو ال human re...

السريرة لو كُشِ...

السريرة لو كُشِفَ للإنسان عن سريرة الإنسان لرأى منها ما يرى من غرائب هذا الكون وعجائبه، أَعْمَى أَدْ...

وكان التنسيق وا...

وكان التنسيق والتعاون الدائم مع الوزارات والهيئات ركيزة أساسية في دعم هذا النهج، بما يعزز من كفاءة ا...

العمل : صحفي وم...

العمل : صحفي ومستشار إعلامي سابق في الخارجية اليمنية ورئيس تحرير صحيفة هنا عدن الاخبارية ورئيس مركز ...

بين اليأس والرج...

بين اليأس والرجاء صوتان لا بد أن يرتفعا في كل أمة ويجب أن يتوازنا حتى لا يطغى أحدهما على الآخر: صوت ...

إنه لشرف كبير ل...

إنه لشرف كبير لي أن أتولى رئاسة قسم بحوث أمراض القطن ومحاصيل الألياف بمعهد بحوث أمراض النباتات. يُعد...

وافق مجلس الشيو...

وافق مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي بفارق صوت واحد على مشروع قانون طرحه الرئيس دونالد ترامب لخفض الضرائب والإن...

لا يمكن تحديد م...

لا يمكن تحديد مفهوم واضح ودقيق للأزمة ولا سيم بعد اتساع حدود انطباقه بمختلف العلاقات الإنسانية في كا...

لم أستطع أن أُك...

لم أستطع أن أُكمل دراستي في تبوك لأني من الرياض، ولما بدأ الفصل الثاني دخلتُ فلم أجد خانة إدخال الطل...

إنجازات قسم بحو...

إنجازات قسم بحوث أمراض الذرة والمحاصيل السكرية لقد حقق قسم بحوث أمراض الذرة والمحاصيل السكرية، منذ إ...

الآليات التربوي...

الآليات التربوية أولا: الآليات القانونية القانون الإداري يعد القانون الإداري المغربي من الأدوات الرئ...

الموافقة على مخ...

الموافقة على مخاطر تكنولوجيا المعلومات. بناءً على حدود تحمل المخاطر الخاصة بتكنولوجيا المعلومات الم...