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How does a compiler work?The type and extent of optimization depends on the compiler, although most compilers aim to enhance the program's speed, efficiency and resource utilization, e.g., CPU or memory.The lexemes are then tokenized, i.e., they are organized into meaningful character sequences called tokens, in preparation for the next steps of syntax analysis and semanticanalysis.The compiler interprets the meaning of the tokens created during lexical analysis and verifies that the code's syntax is correct, based on the rules for the source language.During this step, the compiler typically creates abstract syntax trees that represent the logical structures of specific code elements.Compilers vary in the methods they use for analyzing and converting source code to output code.The compiler splits the source code into lexemes, which are individual code fragments that represent specific patterns in the code.The compiler generates the final output code, using the optimized IR code, to create code that the machine can finally execute.Intermediate representation (IR) code generation.Optimization.5.7.9.11.13.

How does a compiler work?
Compilers vary in the methods they use for analyzing and converting source code to output code. Despite their differences, they typically carry out these steps:
3. Lexical analysis. The compiler splits the source code into lexemes, which are individual code fragments that represent specific patterns in the code. The lexemes are then tokenized, i.e., they are organized into meaningful character sequences called tokens, in preparation for the next steps of syntax analysis and semanticanalysis.
5. Syntax analysis. The compiler interprets the meaning of the tokens created during lexical analysis and verifies that the code's syntax is correct, based on the rules for the source language. This process is also referred to as parsing. During this step, the compiler typically creates abstract syntax trees that represent the logical structures of specific code elements. It also detects syntax errors in the code.
7. Semantic analysis. The compiler verifies the validity of the code's logic. This step goes beyond syntax analysis by validating the code's accuracy. For example, it might check whether variables have been assigned the right types or have been properly declared or if control structures and data types are used properly.
9. Intermediate representation (IR) code generation. After the code passes through all three analysis phases, the compiler generates an IR of the source code. The IR code is portable, meaning it is machine-independent and can run on different machines. It also makes it easier to analyze and translate the high-level source code into a different, machine-readable format. However, it must accurately represent the source code in every respect without omitting any functionality.
11. Optimization. The compiler optimizes the IR code in preparation for the final code generation. The type and extent of optimization depends on the compiler, although most compilers aim to enhance the program's speed, efficiency and resource utilization, e.g., CPU or memory. Some compilers let users configure the degree of optimization.
13. Output code generation. The compiler generates the final output code, using the optimized IR code, to create code that the machine can finally execute.