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1 Common Process of NIOAs
The common process of most of NIOAs is described in Figure 1, which can be divided into four steps.Most NIOAs use iterative methods, and the maximum iteration times and precision threshold are two common conditions of algorithm termination, which should also be initialized in step S1.


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1 Common Process of NIOAs
The common process of most of NIOAs is described in Figure 1, which can be divided into four steps. In step S1, the population and related parameters are initialized. Usually, the initial population is generated by random methods, which ensure it covers as much solution space as possible; the population size is selected based on expert experience and specific requirements, and generally, it should be as large as possible. Most NIOAs use iterative methods, and the maximum iteration times and precision threshold are two common conditions of algorithm termination, which should also be initialized in step S1.


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