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The Phonetic Alphabet 1.The anomaly between writing and pronunciation was the main drive behind the development of the phonetic alphabet.THE NEED FOR PHONETIC WRITING SYSTEM It is quite clear that ordinary writing systems (i.e., alphabet or orthography) cannot illustrate pronunciation differences.To overcome this, linguists use the phonetic alphabet, designed to represent all the possible sounds of the world's languages in a standard way.The most commonly-used alphabet is known as the Phonetic Alphabet designed by the International Phonetic Association (IPA) in the late 19th century.Or when there are multiple pronunciations for a word?

The Phonetic Alphabet

1. THE NEED FOR PHONETIC WRITING SYSTEM
   It is quite clear that ordinary writing systems (i.e., alphabet or orthography) cannot illustrate pronunciation differences.
   In fact, there are many words that are written with the same set of letters but pronounced differently. There are also
   some words which are written with different sets of letters but pronounced the same. As such, phonologists and
   phoneticians felt the need for a new writing system, one in which the symbols fully represent the sounds of any
   language.
   Standard English orthography (the writing system) cannot capture all the sounds of English pronunciation. The same is
   true for writing systems of many of the world's languages. Even if the writing system does a good job of capturing all
   the sounds of a language, what happens when the pronunciation of a word changes over time? Or when there are
   multiple pronunciations for a word? To overcome this, linguists use the phonetic alphabet, designed to represent all the
   possible sounds of the world's languages in a standard way. The most commonly-used alphabet is known as the
   Phonetic Alphabet designed by the International Phonetic Association (IPA) in the late 19th century.
   The anomaly between writing and pronunciation was the main drive behind the development of the phonetic alphabet.
   Perhaps you have already noticed that some similar sounds have different representations in English orthography. Take
   the following examples:
   [f] as in trough, fun [n] as in knife, night [I] as in tiny, ceiling, tin
   In addition, different sounds in many languages may be used in the writing system with the same representation. Take
   the following English examples:
   gh ou
   Pronounced as /f/ as in cough Pronounced as /ɔ:/ as in bought
   Pronounced as /aʊ/ as in bough Pronounced as /ʌ/ as in tough