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Laser light interacts with the tissue and transfers the energy of photons to tissues because of absorption.Visible light is transparent to the cornea and crystalline lens, and can be focused with eye's lens on the retina.The process of laser-induced photocoagulation can be used to destroy tumors, to treat various eye conditions like retinal disorders caused by diabetes, bloodless incision or excision in laser surgery.Photo-vaporization results in complete removal of the tissue thus making the process suitable for skin rejuvenation, resurfacing and of course bloodless incision or excision in laser surgery.High power lasers like excimer lasers in the ultraviolet range, can break the chemical bonds without even heating the tissues locally thus resulting in photochemical ablation.For hair removal, absorbing component being melanin pigment in hair and follicle, ruby laser is best suited for this application.Laser heating of tissues above 50?C but below 100?C induces disordering of proteins and other bio-molecules.For Photo-vaporization, the tissues must be heated quickly to more than 100?C thus requiring high power density in a pulsed mode.In general power density upto 10W/cm2 results in heating of tissues, whereas laser power in the range of 10 - 100W/cm2 results in photocoagulation.For example, for skin rejuvenation, require pulsed IR lasers for selective absorption process resulting in photo-vaporization.When very high laser power densities are used, lasers quickly heats the tissues beyond 100?C resulting in boiling and evaporation of water in the tissues.Similarly pulsed dye laser (in yellow region) is used for removal of port-wine stain.


Original text

Laser light interacts with the tissue and transfers the energy of photons to tissues because of absorption. Laser heating of tissues above 50°C but below 100°C induces disordering of proteins and other bio-molecules. This process is known as photocoagulation. When lasers are used for photocoagulation during surgery, the tissues shrink in mass because water is expelled at these temperatures. The heated region changes its colour and loses its mechanical integrity. Cells in the photocoagulated region die and the tissue is a dead one and can be pulled or removed. The process of laser-induced photocoagulation can be used to destroy tumors, to treat various eye conditions like retinal disorders caused by diabetes, bloodless incision or excision in laser surgery. When very high laser power densities are used, lasers quickly heats the tissues beyond 100°C resulting in boiling and evaporation of water in the tissues. Since 70% of the body tissue is water, the boiling change the tissue into a gas. This phenomenon is called photo-vaporization. Photo-vaporization results in complete removal of the tissue thus making the process suitable for skin rejuvenation, resurfacing and of course bloodless incision or excision in laser surgery. For Photo-vaporization, the tissues must be heated quickly to more than 100°C thus requiring high power density in a pulsed mode. In general power density upto 10W/cm2 results in heating of tissues, whereas laser power in the range of 10 - 100W/cm2 results in photocoagulation. Power density greater than 100W/cm2 is required for photo-vaporization. It is worth mentioning that a given laser can be used for photo-vaporization in the focused mode, whereas same laser can also be used for photocoagulation in the defocused mode. High power lasers like excimer lasers in the ultraviolet range, can break the chemical bonds without even heating the tissues locally thus resulting in photochemical ablation. The photochemical ablation results in clean-cut incision. The thermal component is relatively small and the zone of thermal interaction is limited in the incision wall. Different lasers and processes are useful for different type of applications. For example, for skin rejuvenation, require pulsed IR lasers for selective absorption process resulting in photo-vaporization. IR lasers are used to remove extremely thin layer of skin (


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