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Lesson Two: Introduction to English for Tourism Purposes 1."Therefore, tourism is a socio-cultural practice that is justified by the need to cover the psychosocial needs of rest, recreation, travel, discovery of places, people and new habits, the relationship with people around us and the acquisition of new knowledge. Hence, Tourism is about a temporary or short-term movement away from the place where a person normally lives and works. The tourist intends to return home at the end of the visit. The length of the visit may be from just one night up to one year. This leads us to another question: who is the tourist? The Tourist in simple terms, travels to another location, away from their usual social environment, for business, pleasure, or social reasons. By most accepted definitions, to be classed as a tourist, a person needs to stay at that location for longer than 24 hours but for no longer than one year. Tourists may be motivated to travel by various factors, such as refreshment of body and mind or the pursuit of excitement, entertainment, or pleasure. Alternatively, travellers may be driven by cultural curiosity, self-improvement, business, a desire to visit friends and family, or to form new relationships. While business travellers are usually classed as tourists, it is worth noting that many definitions of the word exclude those who travel to make an income in the place that they travel to. There are other terms used to refer to the tourist like visitors or excursionists (residents or nonresidents) which has to do with the activities performed and the kind of tourism. 2. Categories of Tourism: UNWTO divides tourism into three main categories broadly speaking three main forms of tourism based on the origin ,destination and country of departure : the domestic, inbound, and outbound tourism. 2.1. Domestic tourism Domestic tourism is defined as traveling within your own country of residence, either for business or leisure purposes. It's usually much easier to organize than international travel, since you don't need additional 4 paperwork, health checks, and you can simply take a domestic flight, bus, or train ride to your destination. For example, if you live in Batna and go to Algiers for the weekend, this is domestic tourism. Language barriers and culture shock are also not a factor in domestic tourism (at least not in the majority of cases), making it less stressful. 2.2. Inbound tourism When you enter another country, this is inbound tourism for the destination country. For example, if you travel from the USA to Spain, this is inbound tourism for Spain. Inbound tourism is also a form of international tourism. This means that you need to prepare all necessary paperwork in advance, as well as take care of additional formalities as needed, such as vaccinations and health checks. 2.3. Outbound tourism In outbound tourism, you go from your own country to another one. If we take the same example as in the previous section, if you go from the USA to Spain, this is outbound tourism for the USA, since you're leaving the country. Outbound tourism is a form of international travel and comes with its own set of formal requirements. Travel agents are familiar with those and might make traveling easier - but independent travellers can also venture on their own and take care of their own paperwork. Many online travel agencies are specialized in outbound tourism. 3. Derived groupings: From the previous categories, further groupings can be derived: Figure1: Tourism concepts by Y.Ge 2007 3.1. Internal tourism: Internal tourism comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident and non-resident visitors within the country of reference as part of domestic or international tourism trips 3.2. International tourism: International tourism comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips and the activities of non-resident visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips 5 3.3. National tourism: National tourism comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips 4. Types of Tourism According to Motivation We could also define the different tourism types based on the travelers' motivations, goals, and needs. These can be broken down into 8 main types of tourism: 4.1. Business tourism or business travel or corporate travel: It is a subset of tourism in which travellers go to another location (domestic or international) for professional reasons, such as to: o Meet with business partners or prospects o Attend an event, conference, exhibitions or trade show o Visit another office location of the same company o Organizing business dinners, meetings or workshops Crucially, business tourists are still classed as working, but are doing so away from their usual place of work. Sometimes, business travellers are extending their trips for leisure or are combining the two under what is now known as "Bleisure" (from business and leisure).In conclusion, tourism is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that shapes our modern world.Examples include camping trips, hiking trips, agritourism, which is typically focused on farms or ranches, and ecotourism, hence, it is a form of responsible travel to natural rural areas to experience a simpler lifestyle and a calmer, less polluted environment.6 Cultural tourism is probably the idea of a dream vacation, where someone gets to experience another country's cultural heritage, such as architectural monuments, literature, theatre, music, cuisine, museums and religious sites, attending festivals, engaging with the arts or even learning the local language and more.It can form a crucial part of some religions Some of the biggest examples of religious tourism include Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages to Mecca by Muslims, or visits to the Vatican City by Christians.Examples of sustainable practices include reducing waste, using renewable energy, sourcing food locally, or switching to transportation methods with lower emissions.It allows the tourist to experience day-to-day life in an agricultural setting, teaching them aspects of the business' operations, while providing entertainment Common examples of activities that tourists may participate in include feeding animals, riding horses, picking fruit and eating meals made on the farm, using produce from the farm.Sometimes described as grief tourism, it will include visits to battlefields, prison camps, sites associated with disaster, and other historical locations linked to death and suffering.It includes people who are going to spectate and people who are participating in the event such as rafting, skiing, snowboarding, surfing, diving, cycling, and more.Urban Tourism Urban tourism is a form of tourism that is hugely popular among different demographics, from backpackers to luxury travellers and from recent graduates to retirees.Examples of activities that fall under the definition of adventure tourism include mountain climbing, bungee jumping, scuba diving and trekking.Leisure tourism or Recreational Tourism: Tourism which is primarily motivated by leisure, enjoyment and relaxation can be categorized as recreational tourism.Cultural tourism Cultural tourism is a type of tourism where the traveller is motivated by a desire to learn about and engage with the history, traditions, practices and cultural attractions of a location.What is Tourism?4.2.4.3.4.4.4.5.4.6.4.7.4.8.5.??????8 ??

Lesson Two: Introduction to English for Tourism Purposes

1. What is Tourism?
   Tourism means the activity of visitors taking a trip to a main destination outside their usual environment,
   for less than a year, for any main purpose, including business, leisure or other personal purpose, other than to be
   employed by a resident entity in the place visited. According to the UN’s World Tourism Organization (UNWTO),
   tourism is defined as ''the movement of people to places outside their usual environment for any purpose,
   including leisure, business, or personal issues.'' It also defines tourism as "activities undertaken by people or
   groups of people during their travels and their stay in locations different from the usual living space. These
   activities can take place over a period of less than a year with the purpose of rest, business and other reasons.
   "Therefore, tourism is a socio-cultural practice that is justified by the need to cover the psychosocial needs of rest,
   recreation, travel, discovery of places, people and new habits, the relationship with people around us and the
   acquisition of new knowledge.
   Hence, Tourism is about a temporary or short-term movement away from the place where a person
   normally lives and works. The tourist intends to return home at the end of the visit. The length of the visit may
   be from just one night up to one year. This leads us to another question: who is the tourist?
   The Tourist in simple terms, travels to another location, away from their usual social environment, for business,
   pleasure, or social reasons. By most accepted definitions, to be classed as a tourist, a person needs to stay at that
   location for longer than 24 hours but for no longer than one year.
   Tourists may be motivated to travel by various factors, such as refreshment of body and mind or the
   pursuit of excitement, entertainment, or pleasure. Alternatively, travellers may be driven by cultural curiosity,
   self-improvement, business, a desire to visit friends and family, or to form new relationships.
   While business travellers are usually classed as tourists, it is worth noting that many definitions of the
   word exclude those who travel to make an income in the place that they travel to.
   There are other terms used to refer to the tourist like visitors or excursionists (residents or nonresidents) which has to do with the activities performed and the kind of tourism.


2. Categories of Tourism:
   UNWTO divides tourism into three main categories broadly speaking three main forms of tourism based
   on the origin ,destination and country of departure : the domestic, inbound, and outbound tourism.
   2.1. Domestic tourism
   Domestic tourism is defined as traveling within your own country of residence, either for business or leisure
   purposes. It’s usually much easier to organize than international travel, since you don’t need additional
   4
   paperwork, health checks, and you can simply take a domestic flight, bus, or train ride to your destination. For
   example, if you live in Batna and go to Algiers for the weekend, this is domestic tourism. Language barriers and
   culture shock are also not a factor in domestic tourism (at least not in the majority of cases), making it less
   stressful.
   2.2. Inbound tourism
   When you enter another country, this is inbound tourism for the destination country. For example, if you
   travel from the USA to Spain, this is inbound tourism for Spain.
   Inbound tourism is also a form of international tourism. This means that you need to prepare all necessary
   paperwork in advance, as well as take care of additional formalities as needed, such as vaccinations and health
   checks.
   2.3. Outbound tourism
   In outbound tourism, you go from your own country to another one. If we take the same example as in the
   previous section, if you go from the USA to Spain, this is outbound tourism for the USA, since you’re leaving the
   country.
   Outbound tourism is a form of international travel and comes with its own set of formal requirements.
   Travel agents are familiar with those and might make traveling easier – but independent travellers can also
   venture on their own and take care of their own paperwork. Many online travel agencies are specialized in
   outbound tourism.


3. Derived groupings:
   From the previous categories, further groupings can be derived:
   Figure1: Tourism concepts by Y.Ge 2007
   3.1. Internal tourism: Internal tourism comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism, that is to say, the
   activities of resident and non-resident visitors within the country of reference as part of domestic or
   international tourism trips
   3.2. International tourism: International tourism comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism, that
   is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or
   outbound tourism trips and the activities of non-resident visitors within the country of reference on
   inbound tourism trips
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   3.3. National tourism: National tourism comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism, that is to say,
   the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic
   or outbound tourism trips


4. Types of Tourism According to Motivation
   We could also define the different tourism types based on the travelers’ motivations, goals, and needs. These
   can be broken down into 8 main types of tourism:
   4.1. Business tourism or business travel or corporate travel:
   It is a subset of tourism in which travellers go to another location (domestic or international) for professional
   reasons, such as to:
   • Meet with business partners or prospects
   • Attend an event, conference, exhibitions or trade show
   • Visit another office location of the same company
   • Organizing business dinners, meetings or workshops
   Crucially, business tourists are still classed as working, but are doing so away from their usual place of work.
   Sometimes, business travellers are extending their trips for leisure or are combining the two under what is
   now known as “Bleisure” (from business and leisure).
   4.2. Leisure tourism or Recreational Tourism:
   Tourism which is primarily motivated by leisure, enjoyment and relaxation can be categorized as recreational
   tourism.
   Leisure tourism is a broad category that can encompass many different others like: adventure tourism,
   ecotourism, cultural tourism, urban tourism, and more.
   Leisure tourism is simply defined as tourism during free time, in which someone relaxes and experiences a
   different environment than his own.
   Local tourist attractions are often a major focus of leisure tourism, or to chill in a resort complex and simply
   book a bunch of spa treatments, for example.
   Food is also a major motivator for many leisure travellers. Many tourists visit new destinations to taste
   authentic local foods. Food tourism can be considered a subset of leisure tourism.
   4.3. Shopping tourism
   Shopping tourism is a popular type of travel among those who want to get a hold of brands and objects that
   aren’t locally available, be it clothes, food, jewellery, souvenirs, electronics, or something entirely different.
   Fashion tourism is a subset of shopping tourism and among the top tourist destinations for it are cities like
   Milan, New York, Paris, London, and more.
   4.4. Cultural tourism
   Cultural tourism is a type of tourism where the traveller is motivated by a desire to learn about and engage
   with the history, traditions, practices and cultural attractions of a location.
   6
   Cultural tourism is probably the idea of a dream vacation, where someone gets to experience another
   country’s cultural heritage, such as architectural monuments, literature, theatre, music, cuisine, museums and
   religious sites, attending festivals, engaging with the arts or even learning the local language and more.
   Because of the rich tapestry of its history, Europe is a popular destination for cultural tourism, and many
   European countries see a large number of tourists each year.
   For those who want to travel to experience different cultures, UNESCO’s list of world heritage sites might be
   a list worth exploring, as it regroups the most significant cultural and natural sites of the whole world.
   4.5. Sports tourism
   Sports or adventure tourism is another type of leisure tourism that is related to a sports activity. It
   includes people who are going to spectate and people who are participating in the event such as rafting,
   skiing, snowboarding, surfing, diving, cycling, and more.
   Sports tourism might be related to fans traveling to follow their favourite sports team or people to see a major
   sporting event, such as, the Olympics or the FIFA soccer World Cup or the US Open in tennis.
   4.6. Rural tourism
   Rural tourism is popular with those who need a break from the hustle and bustle of city life; that is focused on
   areas away from major settlements like towns and cities.
   Typically, it’s a form of sustainable tourism involving active participation in a rural way of life. Examples
   include camping trips, hiking trips, agritourism, which is typically focused on farms or ranches, and ecotourism,
   hence, it is a form of responsible travel to natural rural areas to experience a simpler lifestyle and a calmer, less
   polluted environment.
   Local people might benefit from rural tourism in many different ways, while visitors might engage in different
   tourism activities, such as hiking, orienteering, hunting, fishing, and more.
   4.7. Mountain Tourism
   Mountain tourism is popular among sports enthusiasts, as it offers lots of opportunities to be active in nature:
   skiing, hiking, and mountain biking being just a few of the many. Sustainability has been a major consideration in
   mountain tourism in recent years, because mountains often have fragile ecosystems that cannot tolerate a huge
   number of visitors or mass tourism.
   4.8. Urban Tourism
   Urban tourism is a form of tourism that is hugely popular among different demographics, from backpackers
   to luxury travellers and from recent graduates to retirees.
   Top urban tourist destinations in 2022 include Paris, Dubai, Amsterdam, Madrid, Rome, London, and New York,
   among others, and attract a large number of international tourists each year.


5. Completely Reasons
   People travel for many different reasons and in many different ways –Beyond the ones listed, there are plenty
   of other types of tourism, such as medical tourism, religious tourism, wellness tourism, dark tourism, and more.
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   Broadly speaking, however, we could consider leisure and business tourism to be among the two main categories
   based on travellers’ motivation.
   ➢ Religious Tourism or Spiritual Travel:
   As the name suggests, religious tourism is tourism for reasons related to religion and spirituality, such as
   pilgrimage or educational visits to sacred locations. It can form a crucial part of some religions Some of the biggest
   examples of religious tourism include Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages to Mecca by Muslims, or visits to the Vatican
   City by Christians. Another example would be a trip to a Buddhist temple or retreat.
   ➢ Sustainable Tourism also known as Eco Tourism:
   Sustainable tourism aims to minimize the impact of tourism on the environment, nature and local
   communities. At its best, it balances the needs of local people, businesses and travellers, while protecting wildlife,
   helping to make the tourism industry more viable in the long term. Examples of sustainable practices include
   reducing waste, using renewable energy, sourcing food locally, or switching to transportation methods with lower
   emissions.
   ➢ Adventure Tourism
   Adventure tourism describes forms of tourism that include an element of risk and where physical exertion
   and special skills may be needed. It provides tourists with an opportunity to enjoy thrills or unique experiences
   and encourages them to step away from their usual way of life to try something more adventurous.
   Examples of activities that fall under the definition of adventure tourism include mountain climbing, bungee
   jumping, scuba diving and trekking.
   ➢ Domestic Tourism and Staycations
   Domestic tourism is a form of tourism where a person travels to another location within the country, they
   usually reside in. This may include staycations, weekend breaks and other similar trips.
   ➢ Medical Tourism or Health Tourism
   Medical tourism or health tourism occurs when an individual travels to another country for the purpose of
   receiving medical treatment. It can have negative connotations, as it may put excessive pressure on a healthcare
   system, but some countries actively target people from other countries and advertise access to specific
   treatments like Turkey.
   Historically, medical tourism primarily appealed to people living in countries with a poor healthcare system.
   However, in more recent times, a number of countries have found that offering cosmetic procedures or access to
   experimental treatments can attract a large number of visitors.
   ➢ Agritourism – Farm and Ranch Stays
   Agritourism combines agricultural activities with tourism and will typically involve a tourist staying on a farm,
   ranch or similar property. It allows the tourist to experience day-to-day life in an agricultural setting, teaching
   them aspects of the business’ operations, while providing entertainment
   Common examples of activities that tourists may participate in include feeding animals, riding horses, picking
   fruit and eating meals made on the farm, using produce from the farm.
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   ➢ Dark Tourism, Black Tourism or Grief Tourism
   Dark tourism, or black tourism, is a sub-section of the tourism industry focused on places that are associated
   with tragedies. Sometimes described as grief tourism, it will include visits to battlefields, prison camps, sites
   associated with disaster, and other historical locations linked to death and suffering.
   ➢ Culinary Tourism or Food and Drink Tourism
   Culinary or food tourism describes travel that is primarily motivated by food experiences. People may travel
   to a different part of the world to try local cuisine and become immersed in a country’s culture through food.
   This form of tourism primarily appeals to food enthusiasts, but also attracts people who work with food, such
   as chefs and restaurant owners.
   In conclusion, tourism is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that shapes our modern world. It is not just
   about travel - it's about creating experiences, connecting cultures, and contributing to global development.