Online English Summarizer tool, free and accurate!
New perspectives on teaching the four skills
The teaching of the four language skills (see Chapter 13.Bottom-up processing depends on language resources - lexico- grammar and phonology (pronunciation) or orthography as aids to the accurate decoding or interpretation, or encoding or realization, of meaningful text.Listeners and readers work to decode and construct meanings and messages, whereas speakers and writers use language resources to encode and express meanings and messages.Top-down processing utilizes shared knowledge, pragmatic knowledge and con- textual information to achieve an appropriate interpretation or realization of textual meanings and messages.Listening.Chapter 14.
New perspectives on teaching the four skills
The teaching of the four language skills (see Chapter 13. Listening. Chapter 14. Speaking and pronunciation, Chapter 15, Reading and Chapter 16, Writing) has long been an important concern in second language pedagogy. Language use inevitably involves one or more of the four skills, thus this text devotes a chapter to each language skill. Although it is useful to give attention to the unique sub-skills and strategies associated with cach skill, it is also important to consider the overlaps in mode (oral versus written) and process (receptive versus productive):
Oral
Written
Receptive
LISTENING
READING
Productive
WRITING
SPEAKING
Furthermore, each skill may usefully be described in terms of the top-down and bottom-up processing required. Listeners and readers work to decode and construct meanings and messages, whereas speakers and writers use language resources to encode and express meanings and messages. These meanings and messages occur at the level of text or discourse; thus, discourse analysis is highly relevant to understanding the four skills. Top-down processing utilizes shared knowledge, pragmatic knowledge and con- textual information to achieve an appropriate interpretation or realization of textual meanings and messages. Bottom-up processing depends on language resources - lexico- grammar and phonology (pronunciation) or orthography as aids to the accurate decoding or interpretation, or encoding or realization, of meaningful text.
Summarize English and Arabic text using the statistical algorithm and sorting sentences based on its importance
You can download the summary result with one of any available formats such as PDF,DOCX and TXT
ٌYou can share the summary link easily, we keep the summary on the website for future reference,except for private summaries.
We are working on adding new features to make summarization more easy and accurate
ad يترقب المقيمون في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي بدء تفعيل التأشيرة الخليجية الموحدة بعد مرور أكثر من ع...
Bullying is a repeated aggressive behavior that involves an imbalance of power between the bully and...
فاللغة العربية ليست فقط لغة المسلمين، ووسيلة لتحقيق غاية أخرى وهي تعديل سلوك التلاميذ اللغوي من خلال...
1-تعتبر أسرة محمد آل علي الإبداع والإبتكار هي أول نقطة في الإنطلاق إلى التحسين في شتى المجالات حيث ق...
يعتبر فول الصويا من المحاصيل الغذائية والصناعية الهامة على المستوى العالمي نظراً لاحتواء بذوره على ن...
Traffic Padding: inserting some bogus data into the traffic to thwart the adversary’s attempt to use...
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته اليوم ذهب إلى دورة القرآن وتعلمت القرآن ثم عدت إلى منزلي ومكتبي قلي...
يجمع نظام التكاليف بجوار المحاسبة على الفعليات،التوفيق في ظروف حدوثها وأسبابها ومدى الكفاءة في التنف...
نطاق البحث يركز هذا البحث على تحليل الأطر القانونية والمؤسساتية لعدالة الأحداث، مع دراسة النماذج الد...
نفيد بموجب هذا الملخص أنه بتاريخ 30/03/1433هـ، انتقل إلى رحمة الله تعالى المواطن/ صالح أحمد الفقيه، ...
العدل والمساواة بين الطفل واخواته : الشرح اكدت السنه النبويه المطهرة علي ضروره العدل والمساواة بين...
آملين تحقيق تطلعاتهم التي يمكن تلخيصها بما يلي: -جإعادة مجدهم الغابر، وإحياء سلطانهم الفارسي المندثر...