Lakhasly

7.Different classical control strategies like the use of resis- tant varieties (e.g., transgenic approaches, somaclonal variations, somatic hybridization, etc.), crop rotation, and application of sil- icon (Si) have played an important role in minimizing the dis- ease.It is hoped that these bioactive antifungal compounds in the essential oils of plants can be properly packaged industrially in a form of na- noemulsion formulation and applied practically in the farmlands as some nanotechnology products for commercial purposes in the fields to overcome the menace of biofilms diseases generally among all the susceptible host plants.Among the member of FOSC, Foc tropical race 4 ( Foc- TR4) has proved to be a nagging soil-borne fun- gal pathogen causing a pandemic disease on bananas ( Musa spp.) plants.Conclusions Fusarium oxysporum is an important soil-borne pathogen that attacks and causes Fusarium vascular wilt disease on several crops (fruits and vegetables).

7. Conclusions Fusarium oxysporum is an important soil-borne pathogen that attacks and causes Fusarium vascular wilt disease on several crops (fruits and vegetables). Among the member of FOSC, Foc tropical race 4 ( Foc- TR4) has proved to be a nagging soil-borne fun- gal pathogen causing a pandemic disease on bananas ( Musa spp.) plants. Foc can create biofilms in which the extracellular polysac- charides matrix of their plankton cells is enclosed. The formation of biofilms gives its resistance to synthetic pesticides and hosts defenses. The impacts and damages of Fusarium wilt disease on this important cash crop are huge and significant to draw the at- tention of various countries to halt the spread, infection, trans- mission, and yield loss. It is also noted that the magnitude of the damages could be thousands of metric tonnes of banana fruits and vast hectares of lands were destroyed. Yield loss and hectares of land wasted vary within continents and from one country to another. Different classical control strategies like the use of resis- tant varieties (e.g., transgenic approaches, somaclonal variations, somatic hybridization, etc.), crop rotation, and application of sil- icon (Si) have played an important role in minimizing the dis- ease. Currently, the healthier and safer method to manage this tropical plant disease is the use of natural products from plants such as essential oils from ginger and other plants which already has gained wider recognition globally. These essential oils from plants are environmentally friendly and have managed the fun- gal biofilms resistances in plant diseases efficiently. It is hoped that these bioactive antifungal compounds in the essential oils of plants can be properly packaged industrially in a form of na- noemulsion formulation and applied practically in the farmlands as some nanotechnology products for commercial purposes in the fields to overcome the menace of biofilms diseases generally among all the susceptible host plants.