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نتيجة التلخيص (100%)

Women's Relational Model of Development
Traditional male models of development emphasize the separation and individuation process as primary for psychological well-being, but women demonstrate a very different process.This relational approach to psychological understanding was initially called "self-in-relation theory," and it was primarily developed by women psychologists and their associates working together at the Stone Center at Wellesley College in the late 1980s and early 1990s. 6 What began as self-in-relation theory has emerged to be referred to as gender-relations theory, and it is a response to traditional Western psychology that emphasizes separation and individuation but neglects the intricacies of human interconnection. Men tend to identify themselves mostly through their work and competition: this is the model of normal human development espoused by Western psychology. Women tend to identify themselves mostly through persons and relationships; this is largely ignored by Western psychology. Gender-relations theory espouses that the primacy of responsive relationships is a powerful determinant of women's psychological reality--women mostly develop their sense of self through their connections with others, whereas men mostly develop their sense of self through separating from others. Maintaining a healthy sense of self, while in relation with others, is a key to self-worth and self-esteem for women. In many cases, the primary problem for a woman in therapy is "how to be the kind of self she wants to be, a being-in-relationship, now able to value the very valuable parts of herself, along with her own perceptions and desires--and to find others who will be with her in that way.This tendency of girls and women to relate self to others, and to even sacrifice self-achievement in order to preserve a relationship, was observed by early psychologists, such as Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson, but they erroneously dismissed this demonstration as inferior to the male process.A woman tends to foster and encourage relationships as an integral part of her self-identity.The ability to relate to others is a woman's strength, and it enhances her process of empathy.The self-concept of a woman, her identity and self-esteem, is strongly associated with her relationship to others.


النص الأصلي

Women’s Relational Model of Development
Traditional male models of development emphasize the separation and individuation process as primary for psychological well-being, but women demonstrate a very different process. The self-concept of a woman, her identity and self-esteem, is strongly associated with her relationship to others. The ability to relate to others is a woman’s strength, and it enhances her process of empathy. This tendency of girls and women to relate self to others, and to even sacrifice self-achievement in order to preserve a relationship, was observed by early psychologists, such as Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson, but they erroneously dismissed this demonstration as inferior to the male process. A woman tends to foster and encourage relationships as an integral part of her self-identity.
This relational approach to psychological understanding was initially called “self-in-relation theory,” and it was primarily developed by women psychologists and their associates working together at the Stone Center at Wellesley College in the late 1980s and early 1990s. 6 What began as self-in-relation theory has emerged to be referred to as gender-relations theory, and it is a response to traditional Western psychology that emphasizes separation and individuation but neglects the intricacies of human interconnection. Men tend to identify themselves mostly through their work and competition: this is the model of normal human development espoused by Western psychology. Women tend to identify themselves mostly through persons and relationships; this is largely ignored by Western psychology. Gender-relations theory espouses that the primacy of responsive relationships is a powerful determinant of women’s psychological reality—women mostly develop their sense of self through their connections with others, whereas men mostly develop their sense of self through separating from others. Maintaining a healthy sense of self, while in relation with others, is a key to self-worth and self-esteem for women. In many cases, the primary problem for a woman in therapy is “how to be the kind of self she wants to be, a being-in-relationship, now able to value the very valuable parts of herself, along with her own perceptions and desires—and to find others who will be with her in that way.


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