خدمة تلخيص النصوص العربية أونلاين،قم بتلخيص نصوصك بضغطة واحدة من خلال هذه الخدمة
In the discipline of international relations there are contending general theories or theoretical perspectives. Realism, also known as political realism, is a view of international politics that stresses its competitive and conflictual side. It is usually contrasted with idealism or liberalism, which tends to emphasize cooperation. Realists consider the principal actors in the international arena to be states, which are concerned with their own security, act in pursuit of their own national interests, and struggle for power. The negative side of the realists’ emphasis on power and self-interest is often their skepticism regarding the relevance of ethical norms to relations among states. National politics is the realm of authority and law, whereas international politics, they sometimes claim, is a sphere without justice, characterized by active or potential conflict among states.
Not all realists, however, deny the presence of ethics in international relations. The distinction should be drawn between classical realism—represented by such twentieth-century theorists as Reinhold Niebuhr and Hans Morgenthau—and radical or extreme realism. While classical realism emphasizes the concept of national interest, it is not the Machiavellian doctrine “that anything is justified by reason of state” (Bull 1995, 189). Nor does it involve the glorification of war or conflict. The classical realists do not reject the possibility of moral judgment in international politics. Rather, they are critical of moralism—abstract moral discourse that does not take into account political realities. They assign supreme value to successful political action based on prudence: the ability to judge the rightness of a given action from among possible alternatives on the basis of its likely political consequences.
Realism encompasses a variety of approaches and claims a long theoretical tradition. Among its founding fathers, Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes are the names most usually mentioned. Twentieth-century classical realism has today been largely replaced by neorealism, which is an attempt to construct a more scientific approach to the study of international relations. Both classical realism and neorealism have been subjected to criticism from IR theorists representing liberal, critical, and post-modern perspectives.
In the discipline of international relations there are contending general theories or theoretical perspectives. Realism, also known as political realism, is a view of international politics that stresses its competitive and conflictual side. It is usually contrasted with idealism or liberalism, which tends to emphasize cooperation. Realists consider the principal actors in the international arena to be states, which are concerned with their own security, act in pursuit of their own national interests, and struggle for power. The negative side of the realists’ emphasis on power and self-interest is often their skepticism regarding the relevance of ethical norms to relations among states. National politics is the realm of authority and law, whereas international politics, they sometimes claim, is a sphere without justice, characterized by active or potential conflict among states.
Not all realists, however, deny the presence of ethics in international relations. The distinction should be drawn between classical realism—represented by such twentieth-century theorists as Reinhold Niebuhr and Hans Morgenthau—and radical or extreme realism. While classical realism emphasizes the concept of national interest, it is not the Machiavellian doctrine “that anything is justified by reason of state” (Bull 1995, 189). Nor does it involve the glorification of war or conflict. The classical realists do not reject the possibility of moral judgment in international politics. Rather, they are critical of moralism—abstract moral discourse that does not take into account political realities. They assign supreme value to successful political action based on prudence: the ability to judge the rightness of a given action from among possible alternatives on the basis of its likely political consequences.
Realism encompasses a variety of approaches and claims a long theoretical tradition. Among its founding fathers, Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes are the names most usually mentioned. Twentieth-century classical realism has today been largely replaced by neorealism, which is an attempt to construct a more scientific approach to the study of international relations. Both classical realism and neorealism have been subjected to criticism from IR theorists representing liberal, critical, and post-modern perspectives.
تلخيص النصوص العربية والإنجليزية اليا باستخدام الخوارزميات الإحصائية وترتيب وأهمية الجمل في النص
يمكنك تحميل ناتج التلخيص بأكثر من صيغة متوفرة مثل PDF أو ملفات Word أو حتي نصوص عادية
يمكنك مشاركة رابط التلخيص بسهولة حيث يحتفظ الموقع بالتلخيص لإمكانية الإطلاع عليه في أي وقت ومن أي جهاز ماعدا الملخصات الخاصة
نعمل علي العديد من الإضافات والمميزات لتسهيل عملية التلخيص وتحسينها
مدينة مصدر في أبوظبي هي واحدة من أكثر المشاريع الطموحة في مجال التنمية المستدامة على مستوى العالم. ت...
أونا ٠ مفهوم النظرية : تعرف الدطريه بأنها عبارة سس مجموعة مترابطة من المعاهيم والتعريدات والقسايا ا...
لم تنشأ النظم الإسلامية عند ظهور الإسلام، ولم تنضج في وقت قصير، بل ترجع أصولها إلى الأنظمة العربية ق...
إن أهم واول ما يُميز عالمنا عن العوالم التي سبقته، هو تلك الثورة التي حدثت في مجال الاتصالات والمعلو...
Did you know that a drop of your blood can predict diseases you may develop in the future? This is p...
By executing these strategies, you can construct a comprehensive and persuading account that illustr...
دهشة ماريلا لحظة رؤيتها لآن، حيث كان من المفترض أن تجد صبيا. توتر ماثيو من ردت فعل ماريلا، حيث لم يت...
كرة النص تدور فكرة النص حول كيفية قياس نصيب الفن الجميل من الأديان، حيث يقدم الكاتب عباس محمود العقا...
الفردية. مثل الكلفة الخارجية للتلوث وطرح النفايات. ويكمن دور السياسة العامة في ضمان قيام المؤسسات ا...
كثير من المسلمين يعتقدون أن العبادات مرتبطة بالجوارح لا تتعداها، معرضين عن باب كبير من أبواب التقرب ...
طؿومؼعرفمعوموراءماٌعرصيمبلغهمععرصيماظػردمبوظعؿؾقوتماٌعرصقيماظتيمؼلؿكدعفوم ,م بولإضوصيمإيدم تـظقمموتؼ...
I. Production animale et végétale (élevage, transformation, production…) Introduction L'homme élève...